{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T15:37:20Z","timestamp":1760888240405},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People with facial movement disorders are instructed to perform various facial movements as part of their physical therapy rehabilitation. A difference in the movement of the orbicularis oris muscle has been demonstrated among people without facial nerve impairments when instructed to \u201cpucker your lips\u201d and to \u201cblow, as if blowing out a candle.\u201d The objective of this study was to determine whether the within-subject difference between \u201cpucker your lips\u201d and \u201cblow, as if blowing out a candle\u201d found in people without facial nerve impairments is present in people with facial movement disorders.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>People (N=68) with unilateral facial movement disorders were observed as they produced puckering and blowing movements. Automated facial image analysis of both puckering and blowing was used to determine the difference between facial actions for the following movement variables: maximum speed, amplitude, duration, and corresponding asymmetry.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>There was a difference between the amplitudes of movement for puckering and blowing. \u201cBlow, as if blowing out a candle\u201d produced a larger amplitude of movement.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The findings demonstrate that puckering and blowing movements in people with facial movement disorders differ in a manner that is consistent with differences found in people who are healthy. This information may be useful in the assessment of and intervention for facial movement disorders affecting the lower face.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20070269","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,10]],"date-time":"2008-07-10T20:45:40Z","timestamp":1215722740000},"page":"909-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Puckering and Blowing Facial Expressions in People With Facial Movement Disorders"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Rachel L","family":"Denlinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"RL Denlinger, BS, is Research Assistant, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessie M","family":"VanSwearingen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JM VanSwearingen, PT, PhD, is Associate Professor, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pittsburgh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey F","family":"Cohn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JF Cohn, PhD, is Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen L","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"KL Schmidt, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 121 University Pl, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 (USA)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2019123109481709900_B1","first-page":"781","volume-title":"The Facial Nerve","author":"Ekman","year":"1986"},{"key":"2019123109481709900_B2","first-page":"788","volume-title":"The Facial Nerve","author":"Twerski","year":"1986"},{"key":"2019123109481709900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01578358","article-title":"Facial disfigurement: problems and 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