{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:42:34Z","timestamp":1790916154203,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trigger finger is characterized by sometimes painful snapping or locking when flexing the finger. Although trigger finger is frequently seen in clinical practice, no standard treatment protocol has been established as \u201cbest practice.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The aim of this study was to achieve consensus on a multidisciplinary treatment guideline for trigger finger.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A European Delphi consensus strategy was initiated. Systematic reviews reporting on the effectiveness of surgical and nonsurgical interventions were conducted and used as an evidence-based starting point for this study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In total, 35 experts (hand therapists and hand surgeons selected by the national member associations of their European federations and physical medicine and rehabilitation physicians) participated in the Delphi consensus strategy.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Each Delphi round consisted of a questionnaire, an analysis, and a feedback report.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>After 4 Delphi rounds, consensus was achieved on the description, symptoms, and diagnosis of trigger finger. The experts agreed that use of orthoses (splinting), corticosteroid injections, corticosteroid injections plus use of orthoses, and surgery are suitable treatment options. Relevant details for the use of orthoses, corticosteroid injections, and surgery were described. Main factors for selecting one of these treatment options were identified as severity and duration of the disease and previous treatments received. A relationship between the severity and duration of the disorder and the choice of therapy was indicated by the experts and reported on in the guideline.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The results represent a group's opinion at a given point in time. When the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions increases, experts' opinions will change, and the guideline should be re-evaluated and adjusted in view of these new insights.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This multidisciplinary treatment guideline may help involved therapists and physicians in the treatment of trigger finger and indicate areas needing additional research.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,9]],"date-time":"2014-05-09T09:26:29Z","timestamp":1399627589000},"page":"1421-1433","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Multidisciplinary Consensus Guideline for Managing Trigger Finger: Results From the European HANDGUIDE Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Bionka M.A.","family":"Huisstede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"B.M.A. Huisstede, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam, and Department of Rehabilitation, Nursing Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Building W01.121, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, the Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Hoogvliet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. Hoogvliet, MD, PhD, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine and Physical Therapy, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Henk","family":"Coert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J.H. Coert, MD, PhD, Department of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery & Hand Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Frid\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Frid\u00e9n, MD, PhD, Department of Hand Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for the European HANDGUIDE Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2019123007275275400_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-007-9012-1","article-title":"Trigger finger: etiology, evaluation, and treatment","volume":"1","author":"Makkouk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.02.029","article-title":"Using evidence to minimize the cost of trigger finger care","volume":"34","author":"Kerrigan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"2019123007275275400_B3","first-page":"CD005617","article-title":"Corticosteroid injection for trigger finger in adults","author":"Peters-Veluthamaningal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2009.09.023","article-title":"Effectiveness of interventions of specific complaints of the arm, neck, and\/or shoulder, 3: musculoskeletal disorders of the hand\u2014an update","volume":"91","author":"Huisstede","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02537.x","article-title":"The Delphi technique: myths and realities","volume":"41","author":"Powell","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(00)00044-4","article-title":"A critical review of the Delphi technique as a research methodology for nursing","volume":"38","author":"Keeney","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jopan.2003.11.005","article-title":"Delphi technique: assessing component needs","volume":"19","author":"Windle","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Perianesth Nurs"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.12968\/bjtr.1996.3.12.14731","article-title":"The Delphi method: a useful tool for the allied health researcher","volume":"3","author":"Walker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int J Ther Rehabil"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2005.023861","article-title":"Multidisciplinary consensus on the terminology and classification of complaints of the arm, neck and\/or shoulder","volume":"64","author":"Huisstede","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(98)00131-0","article-title":"The Delphi list: a criteria list for quality assessment of randomized clinical trials for conducting systematic reviews developed by Delphi consensus","volume":"51","author":"Verhagen","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"2019123007275275400_B11","unstructured":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision. 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