{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T09:20:36Z","timestamp":1768728036712,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Purpose<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are few reports in the literature of adverse effects resulting from massage therapy (MT) and no reports of brachial plexus injury (BPI) associated with MT. This case report describes an uncommon case of BPI that developed after a session of MT and reviews previously published reports of peripheral nerve injury following MT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case Description<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 58-year-old Asian woman developed sudden unilateral paralysis of her left shoulder girdle after a session of MT. A diagnosis of acute BPI was suspected due to her recent history and the results of several examinations. The results of electrodiagnostic studies indicated a possible location for the lesion and ultimately led to a different diagnosis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Outcomes<\/jats:title><jats:p>The patient regularly participated in a twice-weekly rehabilitation program targeting the left shoulder. The rehabilitation program included supervised passive range of motion, strengthening, and stretching exercises as well as a home exercise program. A 12-month follow-up showed the patient had achieved gradual recovery of shoulder strength, resolution of limitations of range of motion, and relief of shoulder pain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is believed to be the first report of BPI associated with MT. This case report serves as a reminder to massage therapists and physical therapists that MT of the neck should be carefully performed to avoid injury. Further studies will help design safer and more effective MT for the future.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,12]],"date-time":"2014-09-12T05:50:18Z","timestamp":1410501018000},"page":"109-116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Massage-Induced Brachial Plexus Injury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Chih-Ya","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"C-Y. Chang, MD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yung-Tsan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Y-T. Wu, MD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang-Cheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"L-C. Chen, MD, MS, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rai-Chi","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R-C. Chan, MD, PhD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shin-Tsu","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S-T. Chang, MD, PhD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shang-Lin","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S-L. Chiang, MD, MS, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Tri-Service General Hospital; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center; and Department of Physical Therapy and Assistive Technology, National Yang-Ming University, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chenggong Road, Neihu District, Taipei City 114, Taiwan."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2019123005275881100_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199706000-00014","article-title":"Epidemiology of brachial plexus injuries in a multitrauma population","volume":"40","author":"Midha","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2019123005275881100_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2012.08.021","article-title":"Electrodiagnosis of brachial plexopathies and proximal upper extremity neuropathies","volume":"24","author":"Simmons","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"key":"2019123005275881100_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2013.06.011","article-title":"Adult brachial plexus injury: evaluation and management","volume":"44","author":"Limthongthang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"key":"2019123005275881100_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/84.4.359","article-title":"Diagnosing suprascapular neuropathy in patients with shoulder dysfunction: a report of 5 cases","volume":"84","author":"Walsworth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2019123005275881100_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880150610","article-title":"Wallerian degeneration in human nerves: serial electrophysiological studies","volume":"15","author":"Chaudhry","year":"1992","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2019123005275881100_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200006)23:6<863::AID-MUS4>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Traumatic injury to peripheral nerves","volume":"23","author":"Robinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"2019123005275881100_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-8966(99)00075-9","article-title":"Fibrillation potential amplitude to quantitatively assess denervation muscle atrophy","volume":"10","author":"Jiang","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neuromuscul Disord"},{"key":"2019123005275881100_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.11.1589","article-title":"Practice parameter: electrodiagnostic studies in carpal tunnel syndrome. 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