{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:08:47Z","timestamp":1767704927171},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low back pain is often accepted as a \u201cnormal\u201d part of pregnancy. Despite research suggesting that quality of life for women who are pregnant is adversely affected, most are advised to self-manage. Although the use of acupuncture for the management of persistent nonspecific low back pain has been recommended in recent UK national guidelines, its use in the management of pregnancy-related low back pain remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This study aimed to explore the perceptions and experiences of physical therapists involved in treating women who are pregnant and have low back pain with the objective of informing the pretrial training program for a pilot randomized trial (Evaluating Acupuncture and Standard care for pregnant womEn with Back pain [EASE Back]).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A qualitative phenomenological method with purposive sampling was used in the study.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Three focus groups and 3 individual semistructured interviews were undertaken, and an iterative exploratory thematic analysis was performed. To ensure transparency of the research process and the decisions made, an audit trail was created.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Twenty-one physical therapists participated, and emergent issues included: a lack of experience in treating pregnancy-related complaints, mixed messages from previous acupuncture education, a mistrust of the current evidence for acupuncture safety and effectiveness, and personal and professional fear of causing harm.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The findings suggest that UK physical therapists are reluctant to use acupuncture in the management of pregnancy-related low back pain. The explanations for these findings include perceived lack of knowledge and confidence, as well as a pervasive professional culture of caution, particularly fears of inducing early labor and of litigation. These findings have been key to informing the content of the training program for physical therapists delivering acupuncture within the pilot EASE Back trial.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140298","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,1]],"date-time":"2015-05-01T01:22:43Z","timestamp":1430443363000},"page":"1234-1243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Physical Therapists' Views and Experiences of Pregnancy-Related Low Back Pain and the Role of Acupuncture: Qualitative Exploration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Jackie","family":"Waterfield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"J. Waterfield, EdD, MSc, School of Health and Rehabilitation and Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernadette","family":"Bartlam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B. Bartlam, PhD, MA, Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A. Bishop, PhD, MSc, Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melanie A.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.A. Holden, PhD, BSc(Hons), Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panos","family":"Barlas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P. Barlas, DPhil, BSc, School of Health and Rehabilitation and Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadine E.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N.E. Foster, DPhil, BSc, Arthritis Research UK Primary Care Centre, Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","reference":[{"key":"2019123006583865900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-003-0615-y","article-title":"Pregnancy related pelvic girdle pain (PPP), I: terminology, clinical presentation, and prevalence","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B2","article-title":"Pregnancy-related low back and\/or pelvic girdle pain: listening to Australian women","author":"Pierce"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/j.0001-6349.2004.00384.x","article-title":"Health-related quality of life and physical ability among pregnant women with and without back pain in late pregnancy","volume":"83","author":"Olsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B4","article-title":"Evidence based knowledge through an educational approach for pregnant women with lumbo-pelvic pain","author":"Sundsbo"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1533-2500.2009.00327.x","article-title":"Pelvic girdle pain and low back pain in pregnancy: a review","volume":"10","author":"Vermani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pain Pract"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2011.03.004","article-title":"Acupuncture for low back pain: a survey of clinical practice in the UK","volume":"19","author":"Bishop","year":"2011","journal-title":"Complement Ther Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B7","first-page":"CD001139","article-title":"Interventions for preventing and treating pelvic and back pain in pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Pennick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56806","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056806","article-title":"The acceptability of acupuncture for low back pain: a qualitative study of patient's experiences nested within a randomised controlled trial","volume":"8","author":"Hopton","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B9","volume-title":"Low Back Pain: Early Management of Persistent Nonspecific Low Back Pain","year":"2009"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.11.008","article-title":"Acupuncture for pelvic and back pain in pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"198","author":"Ee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1080\/j.1600-0412.2000.079005331.x","article-title":"A prospective randomized study comparing acupuncture with physiotherapy for low-back and pelvic pain in pregnancy","volume":"79","author":"Wedenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.0215.x","article-title":"Acupuncture relieves pelvic and low-back pain in late pregnancy","volume":"83","author":"Kvorning","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-8-34","article-title":"Treatments of pelvic girdle pain in pregnant women: adverse effects of standard treatment, acupuncture and stabilising exercises on the pregnancy, mother, delivery and the fetus\/neonate","volume":"8","author":"Elden","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Complement Altern Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2013-010480","article-title":"The safety of acupuncture during pregnancy: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B15","unstructured":"Standards of Proficiency: Physiotherapists. London, United Kingdom: Health and Care Professions Council; 2013. Available at: http:\/\/www.hpc-uk.org\/assets\/documents\/10000DBCStandards_of_Proficiency_Physiotherapists.pdf. Accessed July 14, 2014."},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B16","volume-title":"The Statutory Regulation of the Acupuncture Professions: Executive Summary of the Report of the Acupuncture Regulatory Working Group","author":"Acupuncture Regulatory Working Group","year":"2003"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2015.03.303","article-title":"Current management of pregnancy-related low back pain: a national cross-sectional survey of UK physiotherapists","author":"Bishop","year":"2015","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B18","volume-title":"Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis","author":"Charmaz","year":"2006"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B19","first-page":"509","article-title":"Grounded theory: constructivist and objectivist methods","volume-title":"Handbook of Qualitative Research","author":"Charmaz","year":"2000","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412995658","volume-title":"Phenomenological Research Methods","author":"Moustakas","year":"1994"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1372","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732307307031","article-title":"Choose your method: a comparison of phenomenology, discourse analysis, and grounded theory","volume":"17","author":"Starks","year":"2007","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1177\/0898010106295172","article-title":"Phenomenology: an exploration","volume":"25","author":"Wojnar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Holist Nurs"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483384436","volume-title":"Applied Thematic Analysis","author":"Guest","year":"2012"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-25-00999.x","article-title":"Sampling in qualitative research; purposeful and theoretical sampling: merging or clear boundaries?","volume":"26","author":"Coyne","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1177\/107780049900500402","article-title":"Quality in qualitative research","volume":"5","author":"Seale","year":"1999","journal-title":"Qual Inq"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.22.1.129","article-title":"Focus groups","volume":"22","author":"Morgan","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Rev Sociol"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7489(98)00014-5","article-title":"A critical appraisal of the role of triangulation in nursing research","volume":"35","author":"Sim","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203944769","volume-title":"Ethnography: Principles in Practice","author":"Hamersley","year":"2007","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01432.x","article-title":"One voice, different tunes: issues raised by dual analysis of a segment of qualitative data","volume":"31","author":"Savage","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.312","article-title":"Making words count: the value of qualitative research","volume":"9","author":"Johnson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2007.09.004","article-title":"An overview of continuing professional development in physiotherapy","volume":"94","author":"French","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiotherapy"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1080\/17450140903582271","article-title":"Continuing professional development: policy and practice in the in the National Health Service (NHS)","volume":"5","author":"Waterfield","year":"2010","journal-title":"Twenty-First Century Soc"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1136\/acupmed-2011-010037","article-title":"Forbidden points' in pregnancy: no plausible mechanism for risk","volume":"29","author":"Cummings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.22.2.60","article-title":"Acupuncture for low back pain in pregnancy: a prospective, quasi- randomised, controlled study","volume":"22","author":"Guerreiro da Silva","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.2010.003699","article-title":"\u201cForbidden points\u201d in pregnancy: do they exist?","volume":"29","author":"Guerreiro da Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1136\/aim.21.1-2.42","article-title":"Acupuncture for low back pain in pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"Cummings","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acupunct Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2004.11.032","article-title":"The ethical basis of the precautionary principle in health care decision making","volume":"207","author":"ter Meulen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1353\/pbm.2012.0007","article-title":"Interpreting evidence: why values can matter as much as science","volume":"55","author":"de Melo-Mart\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Perspect Biol Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B39","first-page":"515","article-title":"Risk assessment for physical activity and exercise clearance: in pregnant women without contraindications","volume":"59","author":"Bredin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.01.041","article-title":"Decision aid tools to support women's decision making in pregnancy and birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"74","author":"Dugas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2009.02120.x","article-title":"Women's views on the use of decision aids for decision delivery following a previous caesarean section: qualitative interview study","volume":"116","author":"Frost","year":"2009","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1179\/174328808X356393","article-title":"Ethics knowledge in physical therapy: a narrative review of the literature since 2000","volume":"13","author":"Carpenter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Ther Rev"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10459-006-9032-4","article-title":"Learning to reason: a journey of professional socialisation","volume":"13","author":"Ajjawi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Adv Health Sci Educ Theory Pract"},{"key":"2019123006583865900_B44","article-title":"Evaluating Acupuncture and Standard Care for Pregnant Women With Back Pain (EASE Back): a feasibility study and pilot randomised trial","author":"Foster","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"}],"container-title":["Physical Therapy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/95\/9\/1234\/31635179\/ptj1234.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article-pdf\/95\/9\/1234\/31635179\/ptj1234.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T11:59:29Z","timestamp":1577707169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ptj\/article\/95\/9\/1234\/2686474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2522\/ptj.20140298","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-9023","1538-6724"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-9023","type":"print"},{"value":"1538-6724","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}