{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T21:31:16Z","timestamp":1757453476971},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Challenges with any therapeutic program for children include the level of the child's engagement or adherence. Capitalizing on one of the primary learning avenues of children, play, the approach described in this article is to develop therapeutic toy and game controllers that require specific and repetitive joint movements to trigger toy\/game activation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The goal of this study was to evaluate a specially designed wrist flexion and extension play controller in a cohort of children with upper extremity motor impairments (UEMIs). The aim was to understand the relationship among controller play activity, measures of wrist and forearm range of motion (ROM) and spasticity, and ratings of fun and difficulty.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study of 21 children (12 male, 9 female; 4\u201312 years of age) with UEMIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All children participated in a structured in-clinic play session during which measurements of spasticity and ROM were collected. The children were fitted with the controller and played with 2 toys and 2 computer games for 5 minutes each. Wrist flexion and extension motion during play was recorded and analyzed. In addition, children rated the fun and difficulty of play.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flexion and extension goal movements were repeatedly achieved by children during the play session at an average frequency of 0.27 Hz. At this frequency, 15 minutes of play per day would result in approximately 1,700 targeted joint motions per week. Play activity was associated with ROM measures, specifically supination, but toy perception ratings of enjoyment and difficulty were not correlated with clinical measures.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Limitations<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The reported results may not be representative of children with more severe UEMIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>These outcomes indicate that the therapeutic controllers elicited repetitive goal movements and were adaptable, enjoyable, and challenging for children of varying ages and UEMIs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20150493","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,20]],"date-time":"2016-05-20T05:52:39Z","timestamp":1463723559000},"page":"1773-1781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Joint-Specific Play Controller for Upper Extremity Therapy: Feasibility Study in Children With Wrist Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Bethany J.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"B.J. Wilcox, PhD, Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital, 1 Hoppin St, CORO West, Ste 404, Providence, RI 02903 (USA)."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"M.M. Wilkins, PT, DPT, Meeting Street, Providence, Rhode Island."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Basseches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B. Basseches, BS, Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joel B.","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J.B. Schwartz, BS, Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Kerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"K. Kerman, MD, Department of Pediatrics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Trask","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"C. Trask, PhD, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, and Department of Psychiatry, Rhode Island Hospital."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Brideau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H. Brideau, MS, Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University and Rhode Island Hospital."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Crisco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"J.J. 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