{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T22:39:07Z","timestamp":1773441547577,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["cytojournal.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytojournal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Flow cytometry (FC) can be an adjunct to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis and subclassification of hematolymphoid lesions. This study evaluates the utility of FC in diagnosing extramedullary hematolymphoid lesions in fine-needle aspirate samples.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who presented to the FNAC clinic and suspected to have hematolymphoid lesions (nodal and extra nodal lesions) from August 2020 to June 2022. Sixty-seven cases of hematolymphoid malignancies and 67 cases without hematolymphoid malignancies were included. The combined FNAC\/FC diagnosis was compared with the gold standard: Biopsy, cell block, or peripheral blood\/bone marrow aspirate FC.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of 67 lymphoma cases, 63 were of the primary type and 4 were diagnosed with suspected recurrence\/residual disease. Moreover, 57 cases were nodal, and 10 were extranodal. Four of the patients had discordant findings between FNAC and FC. The gold standard was available only in 56 cases, of which 5 had discordant findings between combined FNAC\/FC and the gold standard. We subclassified 34 cases based on combined FNAC\/FC. The five cases included anaplastic large cell lymphoma (1\/5), classic Hodgkin lymphoma (3\/5), and one case of atypical lymphoid hyperplasia. Non-contributory FC was attributed to the presence of large cells\/necrosis\/nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma\/metastasis\/Castleman disease\/technical problem.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Combining FC with FNAC enhances diagnostic accuracy and helps subclassify lymphoma. Future works should explore whether it can replace excision biopsy, especially in recurrent cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/cytojournal_109_2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T18:09:47Z","timestamp":1735582187000},"page":"79","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Utility of fine-needle aspiration cytology combined with flow cytometry in extramedullary hematolymphoid lesions \u2013 A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Roobashri","family":"Murugan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prabhu","family":"Manivannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debasis","family":"Gochhait","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakhee","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neelaiah","family":"Siddaraju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sushya","family":"Sahadevan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1684\/abc.2022.1712","article-title":"Lymphoma diagnosis: Lessons learned from the comparison of histology and cytology associated with flow cytometry","volume":"80","author":"Aussedat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21518","article-title":"AIEOP-BFM consensus guidelines 2016 for flow cytometric immunophenotyping of Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"94","author":"Dworzak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.73306","article-title":"Cytologic picture of Castleman's disease: A report of two cases","volume":"27","author":"Sudha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Cytol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e62150","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.62150","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration cytology in cervical lymphadenopathies at a tertiary care center in the Kingdom of Bahrain","volume":"16","author":"Qader","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13452","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64398-6","article-title":"The kappa\/lambda ratio of surface immunoglobulin light chain as a valuable parameter for MRD assessment in CLL with atypical immunophenotype","volume":"14","author":"Aruga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13172777","article-title":"Comparison of fine-needle biopsy (FNB) versus fine-needle aspiration (FNA) combined with flow cytometry in the diagnosis of deep-seated lymphoma","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oor.2023.100045","article-title":"THE role of flow cytometry for the timely diagnosis of lymphoma in the head and neck district","volume":"6","author":"Bellesi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Oncol Reports"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.5144\/0256-4947.2012.137","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology in the evaluation of lymphoid lesions: A retrospective study of the utility of flow cytometry in conjunction with morphology","volume":"32","author":"Said Raddaoui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24700","article-title":"Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology to diagnose intraoral lymphoma: 7 years study from a tertiary care center","volume":"49","author":"Agarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diagn Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1159\/000448389","article-title":"Lymph node fine-needle cytology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Diagnosis and classification by flow cytometry","volume":"60","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1201\/9781315113715","article-title":"Flow cytometry in neoplastic hematology: Morphologic--immunophenotypic correlation","author":"Gorczyca","year":"2017","edition":"3rd ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-13","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","edition":"10th ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020-0795-OA","article-title":"Role of flow cytometric immunophenotyping for classic Hodgkin lymphoma in small biopsy and cytology specimens","volume":"146","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.21261","article-title":"Reactive T cells by flow cytometry distinguish Hodgkin lymphomas from T cell\/histiocyte-rich large B cell lymphoma","volume":"90","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2022.07.005","article-title":"A new approach to the study of Hodgkin lymphoma by flow cytometry","volume":"55","author":"Beatriz \u00c1lvarez Flores","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pathology"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e25096","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25096","article-title":"Implicit flow cytometric diagnosis of classic Hodgkin lymphoma using CD3(+)CD4(+) CD26(-) T-cells","volume":"38","author":"Gravenmier","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-18","volume-title":"Revised","author":"Swerdlow","year":"2017","edition":"4th ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1002\/jha2.324","article-title":"Blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia presenting as early T-cell precursor lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"2","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"EJHaem"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s12308-022-00493-9","article-title":"Non-Hodgkin lymphoma mimicking acute leukemia: A report of six cases and review of the literature","volume":"15","author":"Dorfman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hematop"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e300","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.13616","article-title":"Leukemic presentation with discordant morphology in triple-hit lymphoma-A diagnostic pitfall during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"43","author":"Ray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.modpat.2023.100405","article-title":"SOX11+ Large B-cell neoplasms: Cyclin D1-negative blastoid\/pleomorphic mantle cell lymphoma or large B-cell lymphoma?","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2012.00991.x","article-title":"Cytological features of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma can mimic metastatic carcinoma on fine needle aspiration cytology","volume":"24","author":"Mohiuddin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytopathology"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1159\/000448679","article-title":"A basic approach to lymph node and flow cytometry fine-needle cytology","volume":"60","author":"Barroca","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22013","article-title":"Lymph node cytopathology: Essential ancillary studies as applied to lymphoproliferative neoplasms","volume":"126","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cancer Cytopathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14158","article-title":"Factors determining whether diffuse large B-cell lymphoma samples are detected by flow cytometry","volume":"45","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-024-03819-3","article-title":"Morphology and multiparameter flow cytometry combined for integrated lymphoma diagnosis on small volume samples: Possibilities and limitations","volume":"485","author":"Ehinger","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1002\/cyto.b.22107","article-title":"The patterns and diagnostic significance of the lack of surface immunoglobulin light chain on mature B cells in clinical samples for lymphoma workup","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cytometry B Clin Cytom"}],"container-title":["Cytojournal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cytojournal.com\/utility-of-fine-needle-aspiration-cytology-combined-with-flow-cytometry-in-extramedullary-hematolymphoid-lesions-a-cross-sectional-study\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cytojournal.com\/utility-of-fine-needle-aspiration-cytology-combined-with-flow-cytometry-in-extramedullary-hematolymphoid-lesions-a-cross-sectional-study\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T18:09:49Z","timestamp":1735582189000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cytojournal.com\/utility-of-fine-needle-aspiration-cytology-combined-with-flow-cytometry-in-extramedullary-hematolymphoid-lesions-a-cross-sectional-study\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/Cytojournal_109_2023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/cytojournal_109_2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-6413","0974-5963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-6413","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0974-5963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"article-number":"79"}}