{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T20:01:47Z","timestamp":1778788907503,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["cytojournal.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cytojournal"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Immunosuppressed individuals are more prone for opportunistic infections. <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PJP), previously known as <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (PCP), is the most common opportunistic infection affecting people living with HIV. As PJP can cause life threatening serious infection to a patient, treatment should not be delayed for these cases. To study clinico-cytomorphological spectrum of PJP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We analysed the clinical and detailed cytological features of 15 patients with PJP who were diagnosed on examination of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean age of the patients was 38.4 years (range 13 \u2013 61 years). A total of seven patients were HIV positive; five patients were post renal transplant, and one patient was a known case of acute leukaemia on immunosuppression. Presence of foamy alveolar casts (FACs) was the distinctive feature and was noted in 14 out of 15 cases. We detected 14 out of 15 cases accurately in BAL fluid cytology.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>BAL cytology is one of the important modes of investigations which can detect PJP infection. The history of fever, cough, immunosuppression, bilateral haziness in the radiography of lung and the characteristic alveolar cast indicate the possibility of PJP infection. Cytology can provide early diagnosis and can reduce the mortality of immunocompromised patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/cytojournal_5_2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T04:34:00Z","timestamp":1674621240000},"page":"2","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The cytological diagnosis of <i>Pneumocystis jiroveci<\/i> pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Gargi","family":"Kapatia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anjan","family":"Saikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dibyanshu Sekhar","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Parikshaa","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manish","family":"Rohilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nalini","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arvind","family":"Rajwanshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pranab","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia by bronchoalveolar lavage cytology: Experience at a tertiary care centre in India","volume":"47","author":"Dahiya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.20784","article-title":"Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage for the evaluation of pulmonary disease in children with primary immunodeficiency and cancer","volume":"48","author":"Efrati","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-3","first-page":"238","article-title":"The effectiveness of bronchoscopy in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus pulmonary infections in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome","volume":"111","author":"Gal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.3333-3335.2004","article-title":"Detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci in respiratory specimens by four staining methods","volume":"42","author":"Procop","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-5","first-page":"273","volume-title":"Atkinson Atlas of Diagnostic Cytopathology","author":"Shidham","year":"2004","edition":"2nd ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.02.01372002","article-title":"Metanalysis of diagnostic procedures for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-1-infected patients","volume":"20","author":"Cruciani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00005382-199701000-00007","article-title":"Chest radiograph interpretation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, and pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients: Accuracy, distinguishing features, and mimics","volume":"12","author":"Boiselle","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Thorac Imaging"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90303-7","article-title":"Utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in assessing pneumonia in immunosuppressed renal transplant recipients","volume":"95","author":"Sternberg","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-9","first-page":"1110","article-title":"Utility of bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in immunosuppressed patients","volume":"50","author":"Menon","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.39.9.945","article-title":"Diagnosing Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytological examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: Report of 15 cases","volume":"39","author":"Young","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.1128\/.66.9.4431-4439.1998","article-title":"Induction of fibrinogen expression in the lung epithelium during Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","author":"Haidaris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.1.60","article-title":"Correlation of bronchoalveolar lavage cell populations with clinical severity of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia","volume":"93","author":"Smith","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1159\/000331971","article-title":"Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-positive patients. Bronchoalveolar lavage vs. bronchial brushing","volume":"42","author":"Djamin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneumo.2016.04.004","article-title":"Pneumocystosis during HIV infection","volume":"72","author":"El Fane","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Pneumol Clin"},{"key":"10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000559","article-title":"Molecular diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised patients","volume":"32","author":"Guegan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["Cytojournal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/cytojournal.com\/the-cytological-diagnosis-of-pneumocystis-jiroveci-pneumonia-in-bronchoalveolar-lavage","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/cytojournal.com\/the-cytological-diagnosis-of-pneumocystis-jiroveci-pneumonia-in-bronchoalveolar-lavage","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T18:15:25Z","timestamp":1734545725000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/cytojournal.com\/the-cytological-diagnosis-of-pneumocystis-jiroveci-pneumonia-in-bronchoalveolar-lavage"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"references-count":15,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/Cytojournal_5_2022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/cytojournal_5_2022","relation":{},"ISSN":["1742-6413","0974-5963"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1742-6413","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0974-5963","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]]},"article-number":"2"}}