{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T00:05:52Z","timestamp":1788825952296,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nAlopecia areata (AA), a disorder of non-scarring hair loss with a variable relapsing and remitting course, is a common autoimmune disease in children. Although it often presents as several focal small patchy bald lesions, early onset AA can lead to a total loss of scalp hair, even body hairs, a severe subtype. Atopic diseases are common concurrent disorders in AA, especially among those with early onset severe type of hair loss. Whether atopic diseases increase the risk of AA in the paediatric population of Taiwan, remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nObjective<\/jats:title>\nTo identify if atopic diseases increase the risk of AA among pre-teens and teenagers in Taiwan.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nFrom Taiwan National Health Insurance Database 2010, we used the claims data to clarify the risk of AA in pre-teens and teenagers with atopic diseases (atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis and food allergy) as compared to the general population. Cox proportional hazards model yielded hazard ratios (HRs) to address the impact of atopic diseases, sex and age on AA risk after adjusting for covariates and subsequent stratified analyses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nOverall, 21,070 children (10,535 patients with atopic diseases and 10,535 normal cohort) aged over nine years were recruited. During a follow-up of 15 years, 39 (0.37%) cases were identified to have AA in the atopic diseases group, while 11 (0.10%) had developed AA in the normal cohort. As compared with the normal population, the paediatric population with atopic diseases had a 9.66-fold higher risk of developing AA. The risk was greater for boys and increased with advanced age. In the atopic diseases group, pre-teens and teenagers with food allergies and Sjogren\u2019s syndrome were more likely to have AA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nLimitations<\/jats:title>\nOnly one ethnic group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nAll atopic diseases enhanced the risk of developing AA in Taiwan pre-teens and teenagers. Children with atopic diseases should be monitored to look for the development of AA. <\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_1215_2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T05:32:15Z","timestamp":1719898335000},"page":"294-299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Atopic diseases and the risk of alopecia areata among pre-teens and teenagers in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Ying-Yi","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Kung","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Niaosong Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ching","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan City; Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Neihu Dist, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Ting","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Neihu Dist, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieh-Hsin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University; Division of Neurosurgery, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Sanmin Dist, Kaohsiung, Taiwan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17011","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.11","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"3","author":"Pratt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054898","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1054898","article-title":"Anxiety, depression, and quality of life in children and adults with alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"van Dalen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.3889\/oamjms.2017.050","article-title":"Association among thyroid dysfunction, asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in children with alopecia areata","volume":"5","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Access Maced J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955035","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.955035","article-title":"An overview of JAK\/STAT pathways and JAK inhibition in alopecia areata","volume":"13","author":"Lensing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13101860","article-title":"How our microbiome influences the pathogenesis of alopecia areata","volume":"13","author":"Sanchez-Pellicer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1103442","article-title":"Alopecia areata","volume":"366","author":"Gilhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1087-0024.2004.00835.x","article-title":"Autoimmunity: Alopecia areata","volume":"9","author":"Hordinsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01676.x","article-title":"Profile of 513 patients with alopecia areata: Associations of disease subtypes with atopy, autoimmune disease and positive family history","volume":"20","author":"Goh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.04.031","article-title":"History of atopy or autoimmunity increases risk of alopecia areata","volume":"61","author":"Barahmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2006.00429.x","article-title":"Allergic conjunctivitis in children with asthma, rhinitis and eczema in a secondary outpatient clinic","volume":"17","author":"Gradman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llac104","article-title":"Alopecia areata and risk of atopic and autoimmune conditions: Population-based cohort study","volume":"48","author":"Holmes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2020.01.052","article-title":"Alopecia areata is associated with atopic diathesis: Results from a population-based study of 51,561 patients","volume":"8","author":"Kridin","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.5021\/ad.2020.32.6.523","article-title":"Association between alopecia areata and comorbid allergies: Implications for its clinical course","volume":"32","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1038\/JID.2015.402","article-title":"Functional interpretation of genome-wide association study evidence in alopecia areata","volume":"136","author":"Petukhova","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-015-1539-1","article-title":"Lesional infiltration of mast cells, Langerhans cells, T cells and local cytokine profiles in alopecia areata","volume":"307","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503587","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/503587","article-title":"Serum interleukin-4 and total immunoglobulin E in nonatopic alopecia areata patients and HLA-DRB1 typing","volume":"2010","author":"Attia","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dermatol Res Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15561","article-title":"Scalp biomarkers during dupilumab treatment support Th2 pathway pathogenicity in alopecia areata","volume":"78","author":"Renert-Yuval","year":"2023","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111547","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1111547","article-title":"The potential of regulatory T cell-based therapies for alopecia areata","volume":"14","author":"Wan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15489","article-title":"JAK inhibitors for alopecia areata: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Phan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3645","article-title":"Alopecia areata is driven by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and is reversed by JAK inhibition","volume":"20","author":"Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.15586\/aei.v50i6.655","article-title":"A new autoimmune disease: Atopic dermatitis in children","volume":"50","author":"Floca","year":"2022","journal-title":"Allergol Immunopathol (Madr)"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2019.40.4202","article-title":"Pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis: Clinical implications","volume":"40","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.5935\/1808-8694.20140031","article-title":"Peripheral Th17\/Treg cell-mediated immunity imbalance in allergic rhinitis patients","volume":"80","author":"Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Braz J Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-24","first-page":"228","article-title":"Human mesenchymal stem cells elevate CD4+CD25+CD127low\/- regulatory T cells of asthmatic patients via heme oxygenase-1","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14027","article-title":"Allergy promotes alopecia areata in a subset of patients","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2192","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2012.129","article-title":"Follow-up study of the first genome-wide association scan in alopecia areata: IL13 and KIAA0350 as susceptibility loci supported with genome-wide significance","volume":"132","author":"Jagielska","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5966","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms6966","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis in alopecia areata resolves HLA associations and reveals two new susceptibility loci","volume":"6","author":"Betz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2015.06.032","article-title":"Alopecia areata profiling shows TH1, TH2, and IL-23 cytokine activation without parallel TH17\/TH22 skewing","volume":"136","author":"Suarez-Farinas","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2023911","article-title":"Atopic dermatitis","volume":"384","author":"Stander","year":"2021","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2013.503","article-title":"In vitro assessment of IL-4- or IL-13-mediated changes in the structural components of keratinocytes in mice and humans","volume":"134","author":"Omori-Miyake","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18010042","article-title":"Lifetime increased risk of adult onset atopic dermatitis in adolescent and adult patients with food allergy","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-32","first-page":"632","article-title":"Cutaneous manifestations of primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome are underestimated","volume":"22","author":"Roguedas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2011.633099","article-title":"Increased serum levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in primary Sjogren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"41","author":"Dupire","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2013.05.020","article-title":"Clinical significance of serum high-mobility group box 1 level in alopecia areata","volume":"69","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0171667","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171667","article-title":"Osteoporosis in adult patients with atopic dermatitis: A nationwide population-based study","volume":"12","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/atopic-diseases-and-the-risk-of-alopecia-areata-among-pre-teens-and-teenagers-in-taiwan\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/atopic-diseases-and-the-risk-of-alopecia-areata-among-pre-teens-and-teenagers-in-taiwan\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T04:20:23Z","timestamp":1745036423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/atopic-diseases-and-the-risk-of-alopecia-areata-among-pre-teens-and-teenagers-in-taiwan\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/IJDVL_1215_2023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/ijdvl_1215_2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-3922","0378-6323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-3922","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0378-6323","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"article-number":"294"}}