{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T04:03:04Z","timestamp":1748491384253,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJDVL"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nThe exact mechanisms underlying the eradication of the human papillomavirus (HPV) by cellular immunity remain obscure. Individuals with treatment-resistant warts frequently have immune deficiencies. Amino-peptidases (ERAP1, ERAP2) of the endoplasmic reticulum are essential for the production of antigenic epitopes that attach to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I and activate T-lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nAim<\/jats:title>\nTo assess ERAP1 and ERAP2 serum concentrations in patients with resistant warts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nThe current study included 200 subjects. They were split into 2 groups. Group (I) patients had resistant warts (n = 100), and group (II) age- and sex-matched subjects had a history of treated warts with no recurrence (n = 100). Clinical assessment and ERAP1 and ERAP2 serum level determination via ELISA were conducted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nERAP1 and ERAP2 levels were significantly lower in group (I) than in group (II) (p<\/jats:italic> < 0.0001 for each). A significant positive relationship was observed between ERAP1 and ERAP2 (p<\/jats:italic> < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between ERAP1, ERAP2, the number of warts, and a number of recurrences (p<\/jats:italic> < 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nLimitations<\/jats:title>\nThe small sample size, the lack of measurements of ERAP1 and ERAP2 before and after the treatment, and the exclusion of medical conditions such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nThe current study findings highlight the potential utility of serum ERAP1 and ERAP2 as novel biomarkers for identifying patients with recalcitrant warts.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_1541_2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,28]],"date-time":"2025-05-28T08:40:37Z","timestamp":1748421637000},"page":"1-5","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Utility of serum ERAP1 and ERAP2 as novel biomarkers in the management of recalcitrant warts: 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