{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,18]],"date-time":"2025-11-18T23:15:52Z","timestamp":1763507752812},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJDVL"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> are the two most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infections. For over two decades, treatment guidelines have recommended empirical co-treatment for <jats:italic>N.gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.trachomatis<\/jats:italic> as symptoms overlap and co-infection is common. Studies from India estimating the same are limited and mostly based on conventional techniques.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Aim and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of <jats:italic>N.gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.trachomatis<\/jats:italic> coinfection using nucleic acid amplification tests. Further, we assessed the utility of pus cell estimation in Gram stained smears as a screening tool for inclusion of samples for molecular diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This was a prospective study conducted at two tertiary care hospitals; 100 patients (55 females and 45 males) with genitourinary discharge attending STI clinics were recruited, and endocervical or urethral swabs were collected. PCRs for <jats:italic>N.gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C.trachomatis<\/jats:italic> were put up. In addition, microscopy and culture for gonococcus was performed followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 16 software.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>N.gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> infection was more common than <jats:italic>C.trachomatis<\/jats:italic>. A total of 14 patients were positive by PCR (9 males and 5 females) for gonococcus. However, culture was positive only in 8 male patients. PCR for <jats:italic>C.trachomatis<\/jats:italic> was positive in 9 (4 males and 5 females) and the co-infection rate was 5%. The sensitivity and negative predictive value of pus cell estimation was 100% for males and 64% and 94.6% respectively for females. All isolates were susceptible to extended spectrum cephalosporins and azithromycin.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st5\">\n<jats:title>Limitation:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sample size of the study was small.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st6\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Frequency of <jats:italic>N.gonorrhoeae\/C.trachomatis<\/jats:italic> coinfection in symptomatic STI patients is low. Coinfection is considerably overestimated and necessary confirmation of etiological diagnosis could reduce widespread empirical administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_21_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,2]],"date-time":"2021-03-02T10:36:12Z","timestamp":1614681372000},"page":"367-371","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A pilot study to determine <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae\u2013Chlamydia trachomatis<\/i> coinfection rates in symptomatic patients attending STI Clinics, New Delhi, 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