{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:15:09Z","timestamp":1772496909229,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJDVL"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is thought to be the reservoir of infection for visceral leishmaniasis in South Asia. The development of strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of PKDL are important for the implementation of the visceral leishmaniasis elimination program.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB) has been an overwhelming success in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. However, the empirical three-week regimen of L-AMB proposed for PKDL was shown to be inadequate, especially in the macular variant. This study aimed to delineate response of the different variants of PKDL to L-AMB.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Skin biopsies were collected from PKDL cases at disease presentation and upon completion of treatment with L-AMB. Parasite DNA was detected by Internal Transcribed Spacer-1 PCR (ITS-1 PCR) and quantified by amplification of parasite kDNA. CD68 + macrophages were estimated in tissue sections by immunohistochemistry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Treatment with L-AMB decreased the parasite load by 97% in polymorphic cases but only by 45% in macular cases. The median parasite load (89965 vs 5445 parasites\/\u03bcg of genomic DNA) as well as infiltration by CD68+ cells before treatment was much greater in the polymorphic cases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st5\">\n<jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although monitoring of the parasite load for 12 months post-treatment would have been ideal, this was not possible owing to logistical issues as well as the invasive nature of biopsy collection procedure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st6\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A dramatic decrease in the parasite burden was noted in patients with polymorphic lesions. Although patients with macular disease also had a decrease in parasite burden, this was not as marked as in the polymorphic cases. There was also a significantly greater infiltration of CD68 + macrophages in polymorphic PKDL before therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_338_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]],"date-time":"2021-04-23T10:14:43Z","timestamp":1619172883000},"page":"201-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Liposomal amphotericin B is more effective in polymorphic lesions of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Srija","family":"Moulik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ritika","family":"Sengupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manab Kumar","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nilay Kanti","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Bankura Medical College, Bankura, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bibhuti","family":"Saha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tropical Medicine, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitali","family":"Chatterjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_338_20\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2018.1532790","article-title":"Visceral leishmaniasis elimination targets in India, strategies for preventing 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