{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:56:58Z","timestamp":1787025418369,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJDVL"],"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n Cervical discharge as part of cervicitis and pelvic inflammatory disease is a cause of significant morbidity in sexually active women worldwide. Non-gonococcal and non- chlamydial bacterial pathogens are becoming more prevalent.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims<\/jats:title>\n This study aims to determine bacterial pathogens causing cervical discharge using culture and\/or polymerase chain reaction and assess the clinical and laboratory response to the conventional syndromic kit regimen established by the World Health Organisation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective review of records of women with cervical discharge over one year period. Culture and\/or polymerase chain reaction results of endocervical swabs of various bacterial pathogens at baseline and after four weeks of treatment with syndromic kit regimen were recorded.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 70 case records were reviewed for clinical details, out of which results of bacterial culture and polymerase chain reaction were available for 67 cases. Infectious aetiology was found in 30 (44.7%) patients with\n Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n species being the most common organism isolated on culture (18, 26.8%) and polymerase chain reaction (25, 37.3%), respectively. Polymerase chain reaction for\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Mycoplasma hominis<\/jats:italic>\n was positive in ten (14.9%) and four (6%) cases, respectively. None of the patients showed positive culture for\n Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic>\n . Coinfection was seen in eight (11.9%) patients with the majority showing\n Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. coinfection (five patients). Forty one cases (58.5%) received tab. cefixime 400 mg and tab. azithromycin one gram stat (kit 1), while 29 cases (43.3%) received tab. cefixime 400 mg stat, tab. metronidazole 400 mg and cap. doxycycline 100 mg, both twice daily for 14 days (kit 6). Minimal to no clinical improvement with treatment was seen in 14 out of 32 cases (44%) at the end of four weeks with the conventional kit regimen. Post-treatment culture and\/or polymerase chain reaction were positive in nine out of 28 cases (32.1%) with\n Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. being the most common.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Limitations<\/jats:title>\n Retrospective study design, small sample size and fewer cases with follow-up data were the main limitations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n spp. was the most common infectious cause of cervical discharge in our patients. Treatment given as part of syndromic management led to a clinical and microbiological response in around half and two-third cases, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_506_2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]],"date-time":"2021-11-27T02:28:42Z","timestamp":1637980122000},"page":"431-435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Laboratory detection of bacterial pathogens and clinical and laboratory response of syndromic management in patients with cervical discharge: A retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Deepika","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjay","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benu","family":"Dhawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somesh","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Venereology, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-1","article-title":"Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India","author":"National AIDS Control Organization","year":"2010","journal-title":"National Guidelines on Prevention, Management and Control of Reproductive Tract Infections Including Sexually Transmitted Infections"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e31828bfcb1","article-title":"Prevalence and treatment outcome of cervicitis of unknown etiology","volume":"40","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmm.IJMM_17_4","article-title":"Comparative analysis of syndromic case management and polymerase chainreaction based diagnostic assays for treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and genital mycoplasmas in patients of genitourinarydischarge","volume":"35","author":"Arif","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01873-08","article-title":"Multiplex PCR testing detection of higher-than-expected rates of cervical Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, and Trichomonas and viral agent infections in sexually active australian women","volume":"47","author":"McIver","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2017.05.004","article-title":"Prevalence of cervical colonization by Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma genitalium in childbearing age women by a commercially available multiplex real-time PCR: An Italian observational multicentre study","volume":"51","author":"Leli","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Microbial Immunol Infect"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e23072","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23072","article-title":"Prevalence of Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in gynecological outpatients, Taizhou, China","volume":"1","author":"Cai","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000550","article-title":"How reliable is microscopy and culture for the diagnosis of gonorrhea? An 11-year experience from INDIA","volume":"44","author":"Bhargava","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.4.303","article-title":"Syndromic management of vaginal discharge among women in a reproductive health clinic in India","volume":"76","author":"Vishwanath","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.04.003","article-title":"Effect of Ureaplasma parvum co-incubation on Chlamydia trachomatis maturation in human epithelial HeLa cells treated with interferon-\u03b3","volume":"20","author":"Yamazaki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.95480","article-title":"Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis in Chinese women with genital infectious diseases","volume":"78","author":"Zhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.172903","article-title":"Prevalenceand antibiotic susceptibility of Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum in genital samples collected over 6 years at a Serbianuniversity hospital","volume":"82","author":"Skiljevic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7004a1","article-title":"Diseases characterized by urethritis and cervicitis","volume":"70","author":"Workowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/laboratory-detection-of-bacterial-pathogens-and-clinical-and-laboratory-response-of-syndromic-management-in-patients-with-cervical-discharge-a-retrospective-study\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/laboratory-detection-of-bacterial-pathogens-and-clinical-and-laboratory-response-of-syndromic-management-in-patients-with-cervical-discharge-a-retrospective-study\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1682669862000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/laboratory-detection-of-bacterial-pathogens-and-clinical-and-laboratory-response-of-syndromic-management-in-patients-with-cervical-discharge-a-retrospective-study\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"references-count":12,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/IJDVL_506_2021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/ijdvl_506_2021","relation":{},"ISSN":["0973-3922","0378-6323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0973-3922","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0378-6323","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,27]]},"article-number":"431"}}