{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:02:23Z","timestamp":1791234143894,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJDVL"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Pyogenic granulomas are benign vascular lesions of the skin and mucosa which are often a source of concern because of their recurrent bleeding even with minimal trauma. Current treatment for pyogenic granuloma is ablative; no medical therapy is standardized to date. Timolol, due to its vasoconstrictive effect, vascular growth factor inhibition and apoptosis promotion properties, is a potential therapeutic option. <jats:bold>Objectives:<\/jats:bold> To assess the effectiveness and safety of topical timolol in the treatment of pyogenic granulomas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A two-centre, double-blind and placebo-controlled trial (Registration CTRI\/2019\/04\/018581) was conducted. Patients of either sex were recruited with pyogenic granuloma lesions of less than eight weeks duration. Topical treatment with 0.5% timolol or matching glycerin placebo was continued for six weeks. Changes in color, size, bleeding tendency, physicians\u2019 and patients\u2019 global assessments and adverse events were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Forty subjects were randomized between the two groups which were comparable in age, sex, duration of illness and baseline lesion size.Significant improvement was noted with timolol, with color change from first follow-up onwards and lesion size reduction from second follow-up onward. Patients\u2019 assessment of bleeding tendency also showed imrovement from the second visit onward. Between-group comparison showed significant difference with respect to percentage reduction in size (timolol 40.9%, placebo 3.4%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). Rescue treatment (electrosurgery) was required in five patients on placebo and in one in the timolol group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.182). Complete resolution occurred in 2 (10%) patients with timolol and in no patients on placebo (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.231). <jats:bold>Limitations:<\/jats:bold> We observed effects of treatment for only six weeks.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Topical timolol may be a treatment option for early pyogenic granulomas but complete resolution is unlikely in six weeks. Studies of longer duration are required to assess resolution and recurrence rates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_565_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T07:59:19Z","timestamp":1634371159000},"page":"500-508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effectiveness and safety of 0.5% timolol solution in the treatment of pyogenic granuloma: A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Aparesh Chandra","family":"Patra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Sil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Rampurhat Government Medical College, Rampurhat, Birbhum, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sk. Shahriar","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufiur","family":"Rahaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nasiruddin","family":"Mondal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudipta","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrija","family":"Datta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feroze","family":"Kaliyadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sree Narayana Institute of Medical Sciences, Ernakulam, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saumya","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belle Vue Clinic, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maninder Singh","family":"Setia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultant Epidemiologist, Mumbai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Dogra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujay","family":"Khandpur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avijit","family":"Hazra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilay Kanti","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.1997.00283.x","article-title":"The role of human papillomavirus in the development of pyogenic granulomas","volume":"36","author":"Miller","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)80042-8","article-title":"Eruptive disseminated lobular capillary hemangioma (pyogenic granuloma)","volume":"21","author":"Wilson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.20344\/amp.6343","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma in a patient on gefitinib","volume":"29","author":"Massa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-4","first-page":"40","article-title":"Clinical inquiries, What's the best treatment for pyogenic granuloma","volume":"59","author":"Gilmore","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Fam Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12217","article-title":"Treatment of pediatric pyogenic granulomas using \u03b2-adrenergic receptor antagonists","volume":"31","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2006.10.018","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma-the quest for optimum treatment: Audit of treatment of 408 cases","volume":"60","author":"Giblin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06923.x","article-title":"Comparison of cryotherapy and curettage for the treatment of pyogenic granuloma: A randomized trial","volume":"154","author":"Ghodsi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01615.x","article-title":"Cryotherapy in the treatment of pyogenic granuloma","volume":"20","author":"Mirshams","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.1.33","article-title":"The combined continuous-wave\/ pulsed carbon dioxide laser for treatment of pyogenic granuloma","volume":"138","author":"Raulin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.99.3.368","article-title":"Treatment of pyogenic granuloma with the flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser","volume":"99","author":"Tay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1524-4725.2001.01039.x","article-title":"Treatment of pyogenic granuloma with a sclerosing agent","volume":"27","author":"Matsumoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2012.108","article-title":"\u03b2-adrenergic receptor expression in vascular tumors","volume":"25","author":"Chisholm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7513","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.17.7513","article-title":"Immunohistochemical evaluation of angiogenesis related markers in pyogenic granuloma of gingiva","volume":"16","author":"Seyedmajidi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbcan.2003.09.004","article-title":"Stimulation of angiogenesis by Ras proteins","volume":"1654","author":"Kranenburg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13388","article-title":"The use of propranolol in the treatment of infantile haemangiomas: An update on potential mechanisms of action","volume":"172","author":"Ji","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-02394-8.00002-4","article-title":"Becker-Shaffer's Diagnosis and Therapy of the Glaucomas","author":"Stamper","year":"2009","edition":"8th ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2010.12.021","article-title":"Treatment options for cutaneous pyogenic granulomas: A review","volume":"64","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a006460","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a006460","article-title":"Infantile hemangioma-mechanism (s) of drug action on a vascular tumor","volume":"1","author":"Greenberger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13237","article-title":"Is timolol an effective treatment for pyogenic granuloma?","volume":"55","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001116","article-title":"Ophthalmic pyogenic granulomas treated with topical timolol-clinical features of 17 cases","volume":"34","author":"DeMaria","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(80)80392-6","article-title":"The abnormal dermis in pyogenic granuloma. Histochemical and ultrastructural observations","volume":"2","author":"Davies","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.1991.tb00931.x","article-title":"Pyogenic granuloma (lobular capillary hemangioma): A clinicopathologic study of 178 cases","volume":"8","author":"Patrice","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/effectiveness-and-safety-of-0-5-timolol-solution-in-the-treatment-of-pyogenic-granuloma-a-randomized-double-blind-and-placebo-controlled-study\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/effectiveness-and-safety-of-0-5-timolol-solution-in-the-treatment-of-pyogenic-granuloma-a-randomized-double-blind-and-placebo-controlled-study\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T15:25:56Z","timestamp":1656775556000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ijdvl.com\/effectiveness-and-safety-of-0-5-timolol-solution-in-the-treatment-of-pyogenic-granuloma-a-randomized-double-blind-and-placebo-controlled-study\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/IJDVL_565_20"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/ijdvl_565_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0378-6323"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0378-6323","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]]},"article-number":"500"}}