{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:18:48Z","timestamp":1791839928942,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJDVL"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hair dyeing is a popular practice dating back to ancient Egyptian times. Initially, hair dye use was restricted to concealing grey and white hairs of the elderly population. However, in recent times, its use is common among the younger generation as a fashion statement. <\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Hair dye contact dermatitis is a common dermatological condition encountered by dermatologists. It is a delayed type of hypersensitivity reaction that commonly affects the scalp and the vicinity of hair line and neck. Para-phenylenediamine (PPD), a synthetic aromatic amine is the most common allergen specifically implicated in hair dye contact dermatitis. Para-phenylenediamine was announced as the allergen of the year in 2006 by the American Contact Dermatitis Society. Contact allergy to para-phenylenediamine can occur in 0.1\u20132.3% of the general population. Epicutaneous patch testing is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of hair dye contact dermatitis.  However, para-phenylenediamine carries a risk of cross-sensitivity and co-sensitization to other allergens.<\/jats:p>\n<jats:p>Apart from contact dermatitis, hair dye use is also associated with various other cutaneous adverse effects such as pigmentary changes, hair loss, skin malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Due to the various adverse effects associated with hair dye use, it is prudent to look for safer alternatives to allergenic hair dyes. In this article, we review the epidemiology, cutaneous and systemic adverse effects associated with hair dye use, patch testing, preventive strategies to minimize the risk of hair dye contact dermatitis, and treatment aspects. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_745_2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,28]],"date-time":"2023-07-28T09:29:14Z","timestamp":1690536554000},"page":"458-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Dermatological adverse effects of hair dye use: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Vijayasankar","family":"Palaniappan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaliaperumal","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadhasivamohan","family":"Anusuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Madagadipet, Puducherry, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1159\/000500828","article-title":"Henna as a hair dye: A current fashion trend with ancient roots","volume":"235","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/cosmetics2020110","article-title":"Types of hair dye and their mechanisms of action","volume":"2","author":"Da Fran\u00e7a","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cosmetics"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-5","first-page":"479","article-title":"Bleaches, hair colorings and dye removers","volume-title":"Cosmetics science and technology","author":"Wall","year":"1957"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.2147\/JAA.S90265","article-title":"Para-phenylenediamine allergy: Current perspectives on diagnosis and management","volume":"10","author":"Mukkanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Asthma Allergy"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.100556","article-title":"Contact dermatitis to hair dye: An update","volume":"78","author":"Handa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.18203\/issn.2455-4529.IntJResDermatol20211721","article-title":"Hair colouring: What a dermatologist should know?","volume":"7","author":"George","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Res Dermatol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2001.00086.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of contact allergy in adults","volume":"56","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.2008.01427.x","article-title":"Epidemiological data on consumer allergy to p-phenylenediamine","volume":"59","author":"Thyssen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Contact Dermatitis"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJDVL_745_2022\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05677.x","article-title":"Common contact sensitizers in Chandigarh, India. 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