{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,8]],"date-time":"2026-08-08T16:37:13Z","timestamp":1786207033592,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijdvl.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJDVL"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Although well known in clinical practice, research in lichen planus pigmentosus and related dermal pigmentary diseases is restricted due to lack of consensus on nomenclature and disease definition.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Aims and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Delphi exercise to define and categorise acquired dermal pigmentary diseases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Core areas were identified including disease definition, etiopathogenesis, risk factors, clinical features, diagnostic methods, treatment modalities and outcome measures. The Delphi exercise was conducted in three rounds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sixteen researchers representing 12 different universities across India and Australia agreed to be part of this Delphi exercise. At the end of three rounds, a consensus of &gt;80% was reached on usage of the umbrella term \u2018acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation\u2019. It was agreed that there were minimal differences, if any, among the disorders previously defined as ashy dermatosis, erythema dyschromicum perstans, Riehl\u2019s melanosis and pigmented contact dermatitis. It was also agreed that lichen planus pigmentosus, erythema dyschromicum perstans and ashy dermatosis did not differ significantly apart from the sites of involvement, as historically described in the literature. Exposure to hair colours, sunlight and cosmetics was associated with these disorders in a significant proportion of patients. Participants agreed that both histopathology and dermatoscopy could diagnose dermal pigmentation characteristic of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation but could not differentiate the individual entities of ashy dermatosis, erythema dyschromicum perstans, Riehl\u2019s melanosis, lichen planus pigmentosus and pigmented contact dermatitis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st5\">\n<jats:title>Limitations:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A wider consensus involving representatives from East Asian, European and Latin American countries is required.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st6\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation could be an appropriate conglomerate terminology for acquired dermatoses characterised by idiopathic or multifactorial non-inflammatory macular dermal hyperpigmentation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijdvl_804_2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]],"date-time":"2022-04-04T10:19:03Z","timestamp":1649067543000},"page":"41-46","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["A Delphi consensus on the nomenclature and diagnosis of lichen planus pigmentosus and related entities"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keshavamurthy","family":"Vinay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anuradha","family":"Bishnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shital","family":"Poojary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, K. 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