{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:55:50Z","timestamp":1790664950643,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mpox, declared a public health emergency of international concern by WHO, has demonstrated sporadic transmission globally. While India reported 66 confirmed cases predominantly linked to international travel, the possibility of silent community circulation remains unconfirmed, particularly within high-risk populations. Serological surveys are crucial for detecting past exposure, including asymptomatic infections that may be missed by clinical surveillance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anti-MPXV IgG and IgM antibodies and identify socio-demographic and behavioural determinants of seropositivity among key populations in India.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentric, cross-sectional sentinel serosurvey was conducted between September 2023 to March 2024 across seven community-based organisation sites in India. A total of 1,790 participants aged 18-40 y (born after cessation of smallpox vaccination in India) were enrolled. Serological testing was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for anti-MPXV IgG and IgM antibodies. Plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT50) was used to assess functional neutralising antibodies against both MPXV and Vaccinia virus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 1,790 participants, 14 (0.78%) tested positive for anti-MPXV IgG, with no IgM positivity detected. IgG-positive individuals were predominantly male (57.1%), aged 31-40 y (85.7%), and sexually active (75.9%). Geographic distribution ranged from 0.34% (Delhi NCR) to 2.07% (Kerala). PRNT50 assay revealed functional neutralising antibodies against MPXV in 64.3% (9\/14) of IgG-positive samples, with evidence of cross-reactive immunity to Vaccinia virus in 93.9% (13\/14).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This multicentric sentinel serosurvey identified very low Mpox virus seroprevalence (0.78%) among key populations in India, suggesting limited prior exposure. The absence of IgM antibodies indicates that infections were not recent and provides no evidence of ongoing community transmission during the study period. Detection of neutralising antibodies in a subset of IgG-positive individuals supports prior Orthopoxvirus exposure. These findings establish baseline sero-epidemiological evidence for Mpox in India and underscore the importance of periodic sentinel sero surveillance for early detection and outbreak preparedness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_1015_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T09:39:16Z","timestamp":1789810756000},"page":"603-611","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Sentinel serosurvey for Mpox virus infection among key populations in India: Evidence of sporadic past exposure beyond travel-related cases"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Megha","family":"Mamulwar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Implementation Research, ICMR-National Institute of Translational Virology and AIDS Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Descriptive Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rima R.","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maximum Containment Facility, ICMR-National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonal","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Maulana Azad Medical College & Associated LN Hospitals, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hasina","family":"Banu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swagnik","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Zoram Medical College and Hospital, Mizoram, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjusree","family":"S.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, VRDL, Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sudha Rani","family":"Vannavada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwardeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Binoy","family":"Chandra R","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"India HIV\/AIDS Alliance, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harikumar","family":"S.K.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Advanced Research in Health and Human Behavior (CARB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aparna","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amitie Trust, Hooghly, West Bengal, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannan","family":"Mariyappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PATH, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.K.","family":"Srikrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Y.R. 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Another reason to consider monkeypox a disease of public health concern","volume":"175","author":"Isaacs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1015_2026\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/17.3.643","article-title":"The transmission potential of monkeypox virus in human populations","volume":"17","author":"Fine","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1015_2026\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0002933","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002933","article-title":"Experiences of transgender persons in accessing routine healthcare services in India: Findings from a participatory qualitative study","volume":"4","author":"Raghuram","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS Glob Public Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1015_2026\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0007791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007791","article-title":"A systematic review of the 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