{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:15:17Z","timestamp":1788257717622,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"\n Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n Carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens are associated with limited treatment options and poor clinical outcomes. This study assessed the prevalence, distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and clinical outcomes of multidrug-resistant organisms from intensive care units and related wards in a South Indian tertiary care hospital over three years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A retrospective laboratory-based study was conducted between October 2022 to May 2025, analysed culture-positive specimens from the selected locations using hospital information system data. Multidrug-resistant organisms were defined according to international criteria. Organisms included carbapenem-resistant\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n , carbapenem-resistant\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n , carbapenem-resistant\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n , methicillin-resistant\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n , vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n spp., and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole resistant\n Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.<\/jats:italic>\n Demographics, specimen distribution, antimicrobial susceptibility, and outcomes were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Of 8,704 specimens processed, 3,450 (39.6%) were culture-positive and 750 (34.2%) were multidrug-resistant. Carbapenem-resistant\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n accounted for (n=490,65.3%) of multidrug-resistant organisms, followed by carbapenem-resistant\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n (n=85,11.3%), carbapenem-resistant\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (n=85,11.3%), methicillin-resistant\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (n=40,5.3%), vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (n=34,4.5%), and trimethoprim\u2013sulfamethoxazole-resistant\n S. maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n (n=16,2.1%).\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n predominated among carbapenem-resistant\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n isolates. Multidrug-resistant organisms were significantly more common in intensive care units (539\/750,71.9%) and among patients aged >60 y (399\/750,53.2%) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.05).\n Enterobacterales<\/jats:italic>\n showed high resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, while\n A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n demonstrated limited meropenem susceptibility (18\/110,16.3%). Overall mortality among patients with multidrug-resistant infections was (191\/750,25.5%), with 94% (180\/191) of deaths clinically attributed to infection.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n \n Carbapenem-resistant\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n are the predominant multidrug-resistant organisms, especially in intensive care units. These highlights the urgent need for strengthened antimicrobial stewardship, infection-control practices and ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_103_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T10:09:07Z","timestamp":1787998147000},"page":"445-452","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Carbapenem-resistant and other multidrug-resistant organisms in a South Indian tertiary care centre: A laboratory-based study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Arya S.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control & Epidemiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjeev 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India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irine Anna","family":"Sebastain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control & Epidemiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaishnavi","family":"S.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection Control & Epidemiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Kochi, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_103_2026\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.52403\/ijrr.20210550","article-title":"Microbiological profile of significant multi-drug resistant organisms isolated in a tertiary care centre, Kerala, 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