{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,8]],"date-time":"2025-12-08T17:44:08Z","timestamp":1765215848156,"version":"3.46.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"\n Background & objectives<\/jats:title>\n The incidence, risk factors and outcomes of upper body deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is less well studied in critically ill patients. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and identify the risk factors for the development of upper body-DVT. Secondary objectives included evaluating the anatomical sites of DVT, the impact of thromboprophylaxis, and short-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In this prospective observational cohort study, patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between December 2021 and December 2022 were screened for DVT using duplex ultrasonography at 48 h, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after admission.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Among 241 participants, 39 (16.2%) developed upper body DVT and 8 (3.3%) had lower limb DVT. The internal jugular vein was the most frequent site of DVT. Multivariable analysis identified platelet transfusion [Odds ratio (OR)=19.4; 95% Confidence interval (CI): 4.4-86.1], platelet count (OR=1.007; 95% CI: 1.002-1.011), duration of central venous catheter use (OR= 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1-1.3), and number of dialysis sessions (OR= 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01-1.3) as independent risk factors for upper body DVT. Participants with upper body DVT had significantly longer ICU stay (41\n vs.<\/jats:italic>\n 8 days) and duration of mechanical ventilation (33\n vs.<\/jats:italic>\n 5 days). However, ICU mortality was similar in those with or without DVT (48.7%\n vs.<\/jats:italic>\n 44.3%).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Upper body DVT occurred more frequently than lower limb DVT, with internal jugular vein being the most common site. Platelet transfusion, higher platelet counts, prolonged catheter use, and increased dialysis sessions were associated with increased risk of upper body DVT. Upper body DVT was also linked to prolonged ICU stay and increased ventilation days but not increased mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_1085_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T10:11:26Z","timestamp":1764065486000},"page":"504-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics & outcome of upper body deep vein thrombosis in critically ill patients"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Valliyur Srivats","family":"Ramamoorthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, King George\u2019s Medical University, Lucknow, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Afzal","family":"Azim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, 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