{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:55:43Z","timestamp":1790664943806,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains causing bloodstream infection show wide genetic diversity together with different antibiotic resistance profiles worldwide. The response of typhoidal\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      to standard antimicrobial treatments has become increasingly concerning during the past few decades. This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence rate, antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and clinical characteristics of patients with\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacteraemia in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, Maharashtra, India.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2024 to March 2025, analysing blood culture-confirmed cases of enteric fever. All patients with\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive cultures were included, and data were gathered from clinical and microbiology records.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 6,862 blood cultures processed, 42 (0.6%) tested positive for\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Of these, 50% were\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella Typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      , 36% were\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella Paratyphi A<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and the remaining 14% included\n                      <jats:italic>S. Cholerasuis, S. Typhimurium<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>S. Gallinarum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . All\n                      <jats:italic>S. Typhi<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>S. Paratyphi A<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were fully susceptible to first-line antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, amoxicillin, and co-trimoxazole, as well as to ceftriaxone and cefixime. However, 78.5% of isolates showed reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin. Initial disc diffusion testing suggested potential azithromycin resistance in 11 isolates, but confirmatory E-strip testing found none to be resistant based on MIC values. One S.\n                      <jats:italic>Paratyphi A<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate exhibited a notably high MIC of 24 \u00b5g\/mL, which is not classified as resistant according to U.S. NARMS guidelines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The increasing azithromycin MIC values among typhoidal\n                      <jats:italic>Salmonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      indicate potential resistance development, so additional research should assess azithromycin susceptibility patterns in detail.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_1311_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T06:49:31Z","timestamp":1789195771000},"page":"630-636","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Azithromycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) creep and clinical-microbiological profile of typhoidal and nontyphoidal\n                    <i>Salmonella<\/i>\n                    isolates from blood specimens at a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Sumit Sonaba","family":"Chavan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Symbiosis Medical College for Women (SMCW), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kalpana Mohan","family":"Angadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department 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