{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T07:09:04Z","timestamp":1793862544369,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis continues to be among the leading causes of morbidity as well as mortality. It is appreciated that our aim of eliminating TB in the foreseeable future will not be realized until we have a new vaccine with significant efficacy among diverse populations and all age-groups. Although impressive strides have been made in more refined development of new TB vaccines based on learnings from past experiences, the substitute or a booster vaccine for the BCG vaccine is not available yet. This article puts in perspective the recent efforts in re-positioning BCG, development of newer vaccines based on novel approaches, the current TB vaccine pipeline, yet unmet challenges in vaccine development, exploring newer ideas in vaccine development and what the future holds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_1478_2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,28]],"date-time":"2024-11-28T07:33:42Z","timestamp":1732779222000},"page":"338-345","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["TB-vaccines: Current status &amp; challenges"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Kuldeep Singh","family":"Sachdeva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molbio Diagnostics, Verna, Goa, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vineet K.","family":"Chadha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Research Division, National Tuberculosis Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1478_2024\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-017-0809-5","article-title":"Counting the lives saved by DOTS in India: A model-based approach","volume":"15","author":"Mandal","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1478_2024\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e806","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(16)30199-1","article-title":"Feasibility of achieving the 2025 WHO global tuberculosis targets in South Africa, China, and India: A combined analysis of 11 mathematical models","volume":"4","author":"Houben","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1478_2024\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit790","article-title":"Protection by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"58","author":"Mangtani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1478_2024\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta17370","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the current evidence on the duration of protection by bacillus Calmette-Gu\u00e9rin vaccination against tuberculosis","volume":"17","author":"Abubakar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1478_2024\/ref-8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tuberculosis prevention Trial, Madras","volume":"72","author":"Baily","year":"1980","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1478_2024\/ref-9","first-page":"571","article-title":"Fifteen year follow up of trial of BCG vaccines in south India for tuberculosis prevention. 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