{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:40:46Z","timestamp":1791297646849,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background &amp; objectives<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>One of the most prevalent bacterial illnesses in humans is the urinary tract infection (UTI), which is frequently brought on by <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>. The purpose of this study was to assess the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> that causes UTIs and identify the presence of extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamases (ESBL), AmpC \u03b2-lactamases (AmpC), and metallo \u03b2-lactamases (MBL) using a variety of phenotypic techniques.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After urine samples were inoculated on cysteine lactose-deficient agar culture media, isolated colonies were identified using standard biochemical tests. These isolates were then screened using different phenotypic confirmatory methods for \u03b2-lactamase detection and the Clinical Laboratory and Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Out of the total urine samples, 7.08 per cent (177\/2500) were positive for the growth of <jats:italic>E. coli,<\/jats:italic> out of which 40.11 per cent (71\/177) were multi-drug resistant. Among the 71 isolates, 31 per cent were ESBL producers, 62 per cent were AmpC producers, and 7.04 and 4.22 per cent were co-producers of ESBL and AmpC, and  AmpC and MBL, respectively. The <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates were found to be highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (83.61%), amoxicillin\/clavulanate (81.92%), and gentamicin (61%). However, these were sensitive to imipenem (98.3%), fosfomycin (97.17%), and nitrofurantoin (94.35%).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Early detection of various resistance patterns as well as understanding of the local susceptibility patterns among <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strains causing UTIs, are imperative for accurate treatment modalities. This knowledge would subsequently contribute to the management of antibiotic resistance and surveillance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_153_2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]],"date-time":"2025-03-07T07:22:27Z","timestamp":1741332147000},"page":"167-173","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Extended spectrum, AmpC &amp; metallo \u03b2-lactamases producing <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> in urinary isolates: A prospective study in north India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Debjani","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prakriti","family":"Vohra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Nuh, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chavini K.","family":"Shaozae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_153_2024\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2019.02.007","article-title":"Urinary tract infection: Pathogenicity, antibiotic resistance and development of effective vaccines against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli","volume":"108","author":"Asadi Karam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol 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