{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T21:24:11Z","timestamp":1782422651549,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>India\u2019s rapid urbanisation, economic liberalisation, and rising fast food consumption are driving a nutritional transition that parallels the growing epidemic of non communicable diseases, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examines the association between fast food expenditure and diabetes prevalence across 18 Indian States, stratified by gender and urban-rural residence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The fast-food attributed diabetes index study (FADIS) utilised publicly available State-level data to evaluate correlations between fast food spending and diabetes prevalence. A novel framework, DIAGRAM (diabetes and intake gradient analysis model), was applied to parse these associations across urban and rural men and women. The WEIGHT (women\u2019s elevated intake and glucose-health evaluation tracker) model assessed the prevalence of overweight as a predictor of diabetes in women.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found a strong positive correlation between fast food expenditure and diabetes prevalence among urban populations, specifically urban men (r=0.653,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.003) and urban women (r=0.619,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      =0.0062). Rural patterns were less consistent and weaker. The WEIGHT model identified the prevalence of overweight as a significant contributor to diabetes risk among women.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this ecological analysis, we found that fast-food expenditure had a strong correlation with diabetes prevalence, particularly among urban men and women. In women, overweight prevalence rather than fast-food expenditure emerged as the significant predictor in multivariable analyses. These findings highlight the need for gender-sensitive and region-specific public health strategies to address India\u2019s evolving nutritional transitions and diabetes burden.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_1802_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:18:15Z","timestamp":1773742695000},"page":"237-242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["FADIS: Fast-food attributed diabetes index study: An ecological State-level exploration of nutritional transitions and diabetes burden in India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Jeevan Yadav","family":"Nammi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshini","family":"Pasala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1802_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e062254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-062254","article-title":"Processed foods purchase profiles in urban India in 2013 and 2016: A cluster and multivariate analysis","volume":"12","author":"Tak","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1802_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2006.06.029","article-title":"A lot of sacrifices: Work-family spillover and the food choice coping strategies of low-wage employed parents","volume":"63","author":"Devine","year":"2006","journal-title":"SocSci Med."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1802_2025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e438","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(18)30208-0","article-title":"Are exposures to ready-to-eat food environments associated with type 2 diabetes? 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