{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T07:00:38Z","timestamp":1775631638273,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Head and neck cancers are aggressive tumours with a multidisciplinary treatment strategy. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is recommended for locally advanced cases. The carboxyhaemoglobin level is higher in smokers, resulting in a hypoxic environment and radio resistance, which affect treatment outcomes. Data for effect of continued smoking is not available in the Indian setting. This study aims to compare treatment response, failure rate, patterns, and progression-free survival in current smokers vs. former smokers receiving definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted this retrospective observational study in patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer with two groups: current smokers and former smokers. Both arms received weekly 40 mg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      cisplatin along with radiotherapy. Endpoints included treatment response, progression-free survival, and failure patterns.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were fewer complete treatment responses and more failures in current smokers receiving CRT, with a significant difference in progression-free survival.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation &amp; conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Continued smoking during definitive chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancers resulted in poorer treatment outcomes. Integrating tobacco cessation in oncological care should be a standard of care in managing head and neck cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_1931_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,5]],"date-time":"2026-04-05T19:55:41Z","timestamp":1775418941000},"page":"415-419","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Treatment outcomes in current smokers\n                    <i>versus<\/i>\n                    former smokers undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Samreen","family":"Zaheer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arshida","family":"P.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Akram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiotherapy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1159\/000446117","article-title":"Global epidemiology of head and neck cancers: A continuing challenge","volume":"91","author":"Gupta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncology."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2015.12.017","article-title":"Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Update on epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"91","author":"Marur","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2735","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.54.6309","article-title":"Phase III randomized trial of induction chemotherapy in patients with N2 or N3 locally advanced head and neck cancer","volume":"32","author":"Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950115)75:2<569::aid-cncr2820750221>3.0.co;2-i","article-title":"Prevalence and predictors of continued tobacco use after treatment of patients with head and neck cancer","volume":"75","author":"Ostroff","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680109400604","article-title":"Carbon monoxide poisoning","volume":"94","author":"Blumenthal","year":"2001","journal-title":"J R Soc Med."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/0360-3016(78)90189-x","article-title":"Smoking: The influence of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) on tumor oxygenation and response to radiation","volume":"4","author":"Siemann","year":"1978","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.7-6-492","article-title":"Impact of tumor hypoxia and anemia on radiation therapy outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Harrison","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oncologist."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2011.03.004","article-title":"Hypoxic modification of radiotherapy in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck--a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"100","author":"Overgaard","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-9","first-page":"1","article-title":"Health behaviors of adults: United States, 2005-2007","author":"Schoenborn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 10."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199301213280302","article-title":"Influence of cigarette smoking on the efficacy of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer","volume":"328","author":"Browman","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2008.10.026","article-title":"New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1)","volume":"45","author":"Eisenhauer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1784","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2011-0169","article-title":"The effect of cigarette smoking on cancer treatment-related side effects","volume":"16","author":"Peppone","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oncologist."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.48.2.142","article-title":"Depressive symptoms, smoking, drinking, and quality of life among head and neck cancer patients","volume":"48","author":"Duffy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychosomatics."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-017-9689-6","article-title":"Tobacco-related carcinogenesis in head and neck cancer","volume":"36","author":"Jethwa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161ELF","DOI":"10.1183\/20734735.ELF161","article-title":"E-cigarettes, heat-not-burn and smokeless tobacco products","volume":"16","year":"2020","journal-title":"Breathe (Sheff)"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-013-2608-8","article-title":"Radiotherapy for T1a glottic cancer: The influence of smoking cessation and fractionation schedule of radiotherapy","volume":"271","author":"Al-Mamgani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2009.10.050","article-title":"Tobacco smoking during radiation therapy for head-and-neck cancer is associated with unfavorable outcome","volume":"79","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3201","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25814","article-title":"Impact of smoking cessation on clinical outcomes in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma receiving curative chemoradiotherapy: A prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2012.01.011","article-title":"Effect of smoking on oxygen delivery and outcome in patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma--a prospective study","volume":"103","author":"Hoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol."}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/treatment-outcomes-in-current-smokers-versus-former-smokers-undergoing-concurrent-chemoradiotherapy-for-head-and-neck-cancer\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/treatment-outcomes-in-current-smokers-versus-former-smokers-undergoing-concurrent-chemoradiotherapy-for-head-and-neck-cancer\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T06:11:58Z","timestamp":1775628718000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/treatment-outcomes-in-current-smokers-versus-former-smokers-undergoing-concurrent-chemoradiotherapy-for-head-and-neck-cancer\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/IJMR_1931_2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/ijmr_1931_2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]]},"article-number":"415"}}