{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:48:00Z","timestamp":1783111680256,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Nomophobia is characterised by discomfort, anxiousness, and worry caused by separation from a mobile device. It affects the personality, self-esteem, anxiety, along with behavioural changes of the user. In the era where every aspect of life is dependent on mobile phones, understanding the burden of nomophobia is essential to bring about any intervention. The present study aims to find the prevalence of Nomophobia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched the literature in PubMed (MEDLINE) and EMBASE databases by using relevant keywords for the studies published between January 1, 2008, and April 4, 2025. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42023446355). Selected articles were screened based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Articles with observational studies in English, having information regarding the proportion of nomophobia in the adult population of India, were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal scale for studies reporting prevalence data was used to assess the study quality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 25 studies were included in our study, comprising 10607 study participants. The pooled prevalence of nomophobia was found to be 77.6% (95% CI: 74.9% - 80.2.0%). The most common study tools used to detect nomophobia was the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP). The sensitivity analysis revealed the pooled prevalence of nomophobia to be 74.9% to 80.2%, ruling out the impact of any one study on the result.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation and conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This meta-analysis reveals the significant burden of nomophobia. These findings position nomophobia as a pressing health concern requiring proactive interventions to safeguard mental well-being and productivity in the youth.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_2163_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T12:14:30Z","timestamp":1779020070000},"page":"631-639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nomophobia in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Angelin","family":"Priya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Tata Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratnesh","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumitra","family":"Sethia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Sunderlal Patwa Government Medical College, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hifz Ur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Sohar, Oman"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veena","family":"Melwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, LNMC and JK Hospitals, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S41386","article-title":"A proposal for including nomophobia in the new DSM-V","volume":"7","author":"Bragazzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Res Behav Manag."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1097\/WNN.0b013e3181b7eabc","article-title":"Nomophobia: The mobile phone in panic disorder with agoraphobia: Reducing phobias or worsening of dependence?","volume":"23","author":"King","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1663_22","article-title":"Internet addiction and nomophobia among medical undergraduates of a tertiary care teaching institute in Patna, Eastern India","volume":"12","author":"Rao","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.3390\/bs13010035","article-title":"The prevalence of mild, moderate, and severe nomophobia symptoms: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression","volume":"13","author":"Jahrami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav Sci (Basel)."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2018.e00895","article-title":"Addicted to cellphones: Exploring the psychometric properties between the nomophobia questionnaire and obsessiveness in college students","volume":"4","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heliyon."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17020580","article-title":"Nomophobia: An individual\u2019s growing fear of being without a smartphone\u2014A systematic literature review","volume":"17","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"IJERPH."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.15581\/003.34.4.17-32","article-title":"Nomophobia in teenagers: Digital lifestyle, social networking and smartphone abuse","volume":"34","author":"Ramos-Soler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Communication and Society"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.25215\/0403.147","article-title":"An exploratory study of Nomophobia in post graduate residents of a teaching hospital in central India","volume":"4","author":"Chandak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Indian Psychol."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-019-01139-4","article-title":"Prevalence of text neck syndrome and SMS thumb among smartphone users in college-going students: A cross-sectional survey study","volume":"29","author":"Ahmed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J\u00a0Public Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0250509","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250509","article-title":"A systematic review on nomophobia prevalence: Surfacing results and standard guidelines for future research","volume":"16","author":"Le\u00f3n-Mej\u00eda","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2017.02.003","article-title":"Exploratory investigation of theoretical predictors of nomophobia using the mobile phone involvement questionnaire (MPIQ)","volume":"56","author":"Argumosa-Villar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Adolesc."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.29333\/ejmste\/84839","article-title":"Prevalence of nomophobia among university students: A comparative study of Pakistani and Turkish undergraduate students","volume":"14","author":"Ozdemir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eurasia J Math Sci T."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2012.06.020","article-title":"A model of the relationship between psychological characteristics, mobile phone addiction and use of mobile phones by Taiwanese university female students","volume":"28","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100496","DOI":"10.1136\/gpsych-2021-100496","article-title":"Prevalence of internet addiction among college students in the Indian setting: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Joseph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gen Psychiatr."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.66878","article-title":"A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence among students of a medical college and associated hospital of central India","volume":"35","author":"Dixit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.5455\/2320-6012.ijrms20150333","article-title":"Rising concern of nomophobia amongst Indian medical students","volume":"3","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Res Med Sci."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.4103\/ijph.IJPH_81_16","article-title":"Nomophobic behaviors among smartphone using medical and engineering students in two colleges of West Bengal","volume":"61","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ZC34","DOI":"10.7860\/JCDR\/2017\/20858.9341","article-title":"Nomophobia: A cross sectional study to assess mobilephone usage among dental students","volume":"11","author":"Prasad","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-21","first-page":"87","article-title":"Nomophobia-An insight into its psychological aspects in India","volume":"4","author":"Kanmani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Indian Psychol."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-22","first-page":"688","article-title":"Nomophobia: A study to evaluate mobile phone dependence and impact of cell phone on health","volume":"8","author":"Dongre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Natl J Community Med."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.5455\/njppp.2018.8.0827603092018","article-title":"A study to evaluate the behavioural dimensions of Nomophobia and attitude toward smartphone usage among medical students in Bengaluru","volume":"8","author":"Mallya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2442","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20182174","article-title":"A study to assess the degree of nomophobia among the undergraduate students of a medical college in Bhopal","volume":"5","author":"Sethia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5455","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20184833","article-title":"Prevalence of nomophobia among the undergraduate medical students of Mandya institute of medical sciences, Mandya","volume":"5","author":"B","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20191814","article-title":"Nomophobia - mobile phone dependence, a study among students of a rural medical college","volume":"6","author":"Myakal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.4103\/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_130_19","article-title":"Nomophobia: A mixed-methods study on prevalence, associated factors, and perception among college students in Puducherry, India","volume":"41","author":"Jilisha","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Psychol Med."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.18203\/2394-6040.ijcmph20191821","article-title":"A study on nomophobia and its correlation with sleeping difficulty and anxiety among medical students in a medical college, Telangana","volume":"6","author":"Veerapu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Community Med Public Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.37506\/ijphrd.v11i5.9390","article-title":"A study of prevalence and determinants of nomophobia (No Mobile Phobia) among medical students of Ballari: A southern district of India","volume":"11","author":"Marthandappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health Res Dev."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-30","first-page":"523","article-title":"Prevalence of nomophobia and its association with loneliness, self-happiness and self esteem among undergraduate medical students of a medical college in Coastal Karnataka","volume":"11","author":"Chethana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health Res Dev."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_58_20","article-title":"An institution based study to assessthe prevalence of Nomophobia and its related impact amongmedical students in Southern Haryana, India","volume":"9","author":"Mengi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4103\/iopn.iopn_21_19","article-title":"Prevalence of nomophobia among college students: An exploratory cross-sectional survey","volume":"17","author":"Maheshwari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Psy Nsg."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2019.03.001","article-title":"Evaluation of nomophobia among medical students using smartphone in north India","volume":"76","author":"Bartwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"LC09","DOI":"10.7860\/jcdr\/2021\/51757.15772","article-title":"A cross-sectional study on nomophobia among undergraduate medical students in Chennai, India","volume":"15","author":"Anusuya","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-35","first-page":"07","article-title":"A study on nomophobia, quality of sleep and associated behavioural problems in engineering students","volume":"17","author":"Ghanate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Med Pulse Int J"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.32394\/rpzh.2023.0246","article-title":"Validity, reliability and prevalence estimates of nomophobia among undergraduate dental students of Bhubaneswar, India","volume":"74","author":"Mohapatra","year":"2023","journal-title":"Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2361","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1571_23","article-title":"Assessment of nomophobia and its determinants among adults and adolescents in Semi-urban Chennai","volume":"13","author":"Balamurugan","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1057_23","article-title":"Nomophobia and its impact on mindfulness and self-efficacy among nurses: An analytical cross-sectional study in the institution of national importance, Western India","volume":"13","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4258\/hir.2023.29.1.40","article-title":"Prevalence of nomophobia in university students: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Tuco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Healthc Inform Res."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.22122\/ahj.v13i2.309","article-title":"The emerging phenomenon of nomophobia in young adults: A systematic review study","volume":"13","author":"Notara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Addict Health."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1080\/14635240.2022.2065514","article-title":"Exploring and predicting Canadian university students\u2019 trait anxiety and nomophobia during COVID-19","volume":"62","author":"Sui","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Health Promotion Educ."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"01","DOI":"10.33140\/CTMC.03.01.01","article-title":"Nomophobia in India: A psychological disorder that causes the brain to release dopamine in response to tweets, emoticons, and other acts, rewarding the behavior and sustaining the habit of using social media addiction","volume":"3","author":"Thangavel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr Trends in Mass Communication."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-44","article-title":"Spiritual mindfulness-based intervention for nomophobia: A randomized controlled trial Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal","volume":"6","author":"Safaria","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025\/ref-45","first-page":"110","article-title":"Interventions and Treatment for Nomophobia: A Systematic Review","volume":"19","author":"Sujitha Jebarose Jebanesy","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Bioscan."}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/nomophobia-in-india-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/nomophobia-in-india-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,26]],"date-time":"2026-05-26T11:54:21Z","timestamp":1779796461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/nomophobia-in-india-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/IJMR_2163_2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/ijmr_2163_2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]]},"article-number":"631"}}