{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T12:19:02Z","timestamp":1792671542090,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"\n Background & objectives<\/jats:title>\n Tuberculosis (TB) remains a persistent public health challenge in India. The country also has high proportions of malnutrition in different areas, making the population susceptible to TB. Among vulnerable populations, such as tribal communities, TB and malnutrition pose significant threats. Tribal populations exhibit disproportionately higher TB prevalence rates compared to non-tribal groups. Also, malnutrition prevalence among tribal communities far exceeds national averages in India. Amidst fragmented data, a systematic review of nutritional status among tribal populations with TB in India is imperative to inform comprehensive intervention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n Cross-sectional, case-control, cohort and interventional studies reporting the nutritional status of active TB affected individuals among tribal populations in India were specifically included if terms such as \u201cmalnutrition\u201d or \u201clow BMI\u201d were used. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020168328). The data was assessed using a random-effects model and standardized mean with 95% confidence interval (CI). The I\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n statistics indicated heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n Out of 124 studies, 20 were selected for initial screening, 15 were excluded due to a lack of appropriate data, and five were included for the final analysis. The pooled prevalence estimates of malnutrition among Indian tribes living with TB was 514 per 1000 people, with 95% CI: 232-791. The sensitivity analysis showed that no individual study influenced the estimation of pooled prevalence.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions<\/jats:title>\n In the background of India, contributing considerably to the burden of TB-related morbidity and mortality alongside undernutrition, reviews have underscored undernutrition as the predominant risk factor for TB, affecting over 50 per cent of the population in some States. This situation is exacerbated among the tribal communities in India due to the dual burdens of undernutrition and TB being more pronounced. Our systematic review consolidates evidence from five studies, revealing the prevalence of malnutrition among tribal TB patients. Conducting well-planned implementation research to address this dual burden among the underprivileged population would help achieve the ambitious goal of a TB-free India 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_2188_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T05:20:11Z","timestamp":1727760011000},"page":"23-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Malnutrition in tribal people living with tuberculosis in India: A systematic review & meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"160","author":[{"given":"Silambu Chelvi","family":"Kannayan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basilea","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Data Processing, ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kannan","family":"Thiruvengadam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, ICMR\u2013Regional Medical Research Centre, Port Blair, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.H. Ghazala","family":"Shamail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Banurekha","family":"Velayutham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajendran","family":"Krishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saravanan","family":"Natarajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, ICMR \u2013 National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0183195","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183195","article-title":"Comorbidities in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, India: opportunities for intervention","volume":"12","author":"Hochberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e77979","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077979","article-title":"Nutritional status of adult patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in rural central India and its association with mortality","volume":"8","author":"Bhargava","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0128187","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128187","article-title":"Estimating the impact of reducing under-nutrition on the tuberculosis epidemic in the central eastern States of India: a dynamic modeling study","volume":"10","author":"Oxlade","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.159545","article-title":"Pulmonary tuberculosis among tribals in India: A systematic review & meta-analysis","volume":"141","author":"Thomas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy675","article-title":"Undernutrition and tuberculosis: public health implications","volume":"219","author":"Sinha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","article-title":"The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration","volume":"62","author":"Liberati","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD","article-title":"Strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"335","author":"von Elm","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v036.i03","article-title":"Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package","volume":"36","author":"Viechtbauer","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","article-title":"Meta-analysis in clinical trials","volume":"7","author":"DerSimonian","year":"1986","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186","article-title":"Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta\u2010analysis","volume":"21","author":"Higgins","year":"2002","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1029_16","article-title":"Investigation of the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis: a case\u2013control study among Saharia tribe in Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"146","author":"Bhat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/try052","article-title":"A comparative study of the socio-economic risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Saharia tribe of Madhya Pradesh, India","volume":"112","author":"Rao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans RSoc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0133928","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133928","article-title":"Differential levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin, haptoglobin and sero-transferrin as adjunct markers for TB diagnosis and disease progression in the malnourished tribal population of Melghat, India","volume":"10","author":"Bapat","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-19","first-page":"323","article-title":"Tuberculosis treatment and nutritional status among the tribals of Northeast India","volume":"52","author":"Tungdim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Biol Szeged"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.2174\/1874912701003030188","article-title":"Nutritional status and chronic disease among the adult tribal population of Northeast India","volume":"3","author":"Tungdim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Anthropol J"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-5916.193278","article-title":"Undernutrition & tuberculosis in India: Situation analysis & the way forward","volume":"144","author":"Padmapriyadarsini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01231-X","article-title":"Nutritional supplementation to prevent tuberculosis incidence in household contacts of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in India (RATIONS): A field-based, open-label, cluster-randomised, controlled trial","volume":"402","author":"Bhargava","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-24","article-title":"Nutrition profile of certain Indian Tribes","volume-title":"Proceedings of a National seminar on Tribal Development options","author":"Hanumantha","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-17777-7","article-title":"Direct benefit transfer for nutritional support of patients with TB in India-analysis of national TB program data of 3.7 million patients, 2018-2022","volume":"24","author":"Jeyashree","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"}],"container-title":["The Indian Journal of Medical Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/malnutrition-in-tribal-people-living-with-tuberculosis-in-india-a-systematic-review-meta-analysis\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/malnutrition-in-tribal-people-living-with-tuberculosis-in-india-a-systematic-review-meta-analysis\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T22:30:03Z","timestamp":1734647403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/ijmr.org.in\/malnutrition-in-tribal-people-living-with-tuberculosis-in-india-a-systematic-review-meta-analysis\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"references-count":19,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/IJMR_2188_23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/ijmr_2188_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0971-5916"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0971-5916","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]]},"article-number":"23"}}