{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:56:15Z","timestamp":1790664975258,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and its association with COPD severity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a literature search in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and the Virtual Health Library from inception to December 31\n                      <jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 2024. The search strategy was: (\u2018chronic obstructive pulmonary disease\u2019 OR COPD OR \u2018chronic airflow obstruction\u2019 OR emphysema OR \u2018chronic bronchitis\u2019) AND (microalbuminuria OR albuminuria OR proteinuria OR \u2018urinary albumin creatinine ratio\u2019 OR \u2018urinary albumin excretion\u2019). We included studies recruiting patients diagnosed by spirometry and providing data of microalbuminuria prevalence. We excluded studies in patients with other respiratory diseases associated with COPD, and studies published in predatory journals. The pooled prevalence of microalbuminuria was calculated using the DerSimonian-Laird binary random effects method, and the association of microalbuminuria with COPD and its severity was assessed using the Mantel-Haenszel random effects method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-five articles were included. The prevalence of microalbuminuria in patients with COPD was 49.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 34.3\u201364.4%], which was higher than in the control population, with an estimated odds ratio of 3.94 (95% CI 2.25\u20136.60). In patients with severe to very severe COPD, it was higher than in those with mild to moderate COPD, with an estimated odds ratio of 4.55 (95%IC 2.85\u20137.28). Patients with COPD and microalbuminuria had an estimated decrease in PaO2 of 9.98 mmHg (95% CI 13.94\u20136.02) and an increase in PaCO2 of 8.08 mmHg (95% CI: 4.87\u201311.29).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretations and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microalbuminuria is highly prevalent in patients with COPD, with a much higher frequency than in the general population. It is more common in patients with more severe airflow obstruction and is associated with hypoxia and hypercapnia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_238_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T11:40:42Z","timestamp":1789558842000},"page":"584-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Microalbuminuria in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Erlac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesus","family":"Diez-Manglano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, University of 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