{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T05:45:45Z","timestamp":1785735945213,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardio-metabolic diseases are leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in India. Community health workers\u2019 (CHW) local proximity and contextual understanding enable low-cost, and sustainable health interventions. This systematic review and meta-analysis of interventional studies aimed to identify types of CHW-led interventions and their effect on cardio-metabolic diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Studies done in India (2000-2024) were searched from PubMed, Embase and Scopus databases. Screening of studies, followed by risk of bias assessment, data extraction was done and pooled mean difference (MD), 95% confidence interval (CI) was estimated by the random effect model. Subgroup, sensitivity analysis, and meta-regression was performed along with certainty assessment using grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirteen studies (10 randomised trial and 3 pre-post studies) involving adults (mean age ranging from 45 to 65 yr) with hypertension, diabetes, stroke, and overweight were included in systematic review and 9 studies were included in meta-analysis. The CHW-led intervention significantly reduced systolic blood pressure (n=7,114; MD \u22125.5 mm Hg, 95% CI \u22129.0 to \u22121.9;\n                      <jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.041; I\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      =79.3%), with higher effect among people with hypertension (MD \u22127.5 mm Hg) and body mass index (MD \u22120.63 kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ;\n                      <jats:italic>P=<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.038) in intervention group. No significant change was observed in diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, glycated haemoglobin, and lipid profiles. Sensitivity analysis revealed no differential effect, and meta-regression showed no significant covariates. GRADE certainty of evidence was low to very low for outcome variables.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CHW-led interventions in an Indian community setting showed beneficial effect on cardiometabolic outcomes, particularly blood pressure and body mass index, though the strength of evidence ranged from weak to moderate.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_3058_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T19:47:27Z","timestamp":1785700047000},"page":"241-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Community health worker-led interventions for cardio-metabolic diseases in India: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Suprakash","family":"Mandal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Virdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kriti","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rambha","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_3058_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2437","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32804-0","article-title":"Nations within a nation: Variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990\u20132016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"390","author":"Dandona","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_3058_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30752-2","article-title":"Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990\u20132019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","author":"GBD 2019 risk factors collaborators","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_3058_2025\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120727","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czu126","article-title":"Which intervention design factors influence performance of community health workers in low- and middle-income countries? 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