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It is primarily because the transition from laboratory research to clinical application faces significant challenges. These include adverse side effects, lack of tissue specificity, complex regulatory requirements, and the high cost of development and implementation. Addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach. Streamlined regulatory pathways and increased funding for translational research can further accelerate the clinical adoption of these agents. This paper reviews the landscape of radioprotector research, examining the biological mechanisms, clinical trials, and challenges that have limited the clinical translation of many promising agents. This review underscores the critical need for continued research and innovation to bridge the gap between experimental radioprotectors and viable clinical treatments, aiming to enhance the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy in oncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_542_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,12]],"date-time":"2025-11-12T11:18:19Z","timestamp":1762946299000},"page":"343-366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Radioprotectors &amp; mitigators in radiation therapy: Harnessing diverse pathways for optimizing clinical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Pranoti Ashish","family":"Palkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 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