{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:56:58Z","timestamp":1787025418216,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"\n Background & objectives<\/jats:title>\n Metabolic syndrome may be associated with the risk of gynaecological cancers. This systematic review aims to evaluate the risk of gynaecological cancers among women with metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n Studies published in English using a search strategy across PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus were identified from the earliest available indexing of the respective databases up to September 12-14, 2023. After removing duplicates and conducting a detailed screening by two independent reviewers, 25 studies were identified. Critical appraisal was conducted using JBI checklists for case-control and cohort studies and AXIS checklist for cross-sectional studies. Data extraction was conducted for information pertaining to study design, participant demographics, definition of metabolic syndrome, reported summary measures and type of gynaecological cancer.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Random effects models were employed separately for each study design, reported summary measures and the type of gynaecological cancers. In case-control, cross-sectional, and cohort studies, presence of metabolic syndrome was associated with uterine\/endometrial cancer [odds ratio (OR) 1.99,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01, OR 2.64,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01, hazard ratio (HR) 1.45,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.04], respectively. Case-control and cohort studies in ovarian cancer suggested association (OR 3.44,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.01, OR 1.02,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.79, and HR 1.02,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.80). Cohort studies in cervical cancer patients, yielded HR 1.26,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.96 and adjusted HR 1.27,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n =0.83. The critical appraisal of the included studies was high. GRADE reported low-quality evidence for cervical, uterine\/endometrial, and ovarian cancer.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation & conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Women with metabolic syndrome are associated with increased risk of gynaecological cancers regardless of study design, type of gynaecological cancer and definitions of metabolic syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_588_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:46:00Z","timestamp":1760168760000},"page":"197-210","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Risk of gynaecologic cancers in women with metabolic syndrome: A systematic review & meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Indra","family":"Kundu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Center, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denny","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, MS Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqra","family":"Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Center, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keechilat","family":"Pavithran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidhyapeetham, Kochi, Kerela, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Idicula-Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Informatics Center, ICMR- National Institute of Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_588_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)66378-7","article-title":"The metabolic syndrome","volume":"365","author":"Eckel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_588_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644","article-title":"Harmonizing the metabolic syndrome: a joint interim statement of the international diabetes federation task force on epidemiology and prevention; National heart, lung, and blood 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