{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T10:15:16Z","timestamp":1788257716640,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ijmr.org.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Med Res"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a major intensive care unit (ICU)-associated pathogen due to associated extensive drug resistance. Regional data from southern Saudi Arabia remain limited. This study aimed to describe overall and temporal resistance patterns of ICU-associated\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conducted a 12-y retrospective study (August 2012\u2013 August 2024) at Aseer Central Hospital, Saudi Arabia, analysing\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter spp.<\/jats:italic>\n                      clinical isolates from ICU and non-ICU settings. Species identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) were performed using the VITEK\u00ae 2 system, with susceptibility interpreted per CLSI M100 guidelines. Carbapenem-resistant\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      (CRAB) and difficult-to-treat resistance phenotypes were defined. Temporal trends were assessed via logistic regression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of 3,935 isolates, 96.6% were\n                      <jats:italic>A. baumannii.<\/jats:italic>\n                      ICU-derived isolates (48.5%) showed significantly higher resistance rates across nearly all antibiotic classes compared to non-ICU isolates (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001). Carbapenem resistance rates remained above 90% throughout the study period, while difficult to treat resistance ranged between 65.2 to 96.1%. Logistic regression revealed significant temporal declines in resistance to cefepime, ceftazidime, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt;0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation and conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates from ICU settings in southern Saudi Arabia exhibit persistently high resistance, including carbapenem resistance and difficult-to-treat resistance. We observed significant temporal declines in resistance to selected agents, particularly cefepime, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. These findings highlight the critical role of ICU-focused antimicrobial stewardship, enhanced infection control strategies, and regional molecular surveillance to limit further spread.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijmr_71_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T05:32:07Z","timestamp":1787290327000},"page":"453-460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    resistance trends in an ICU from Saudi Arabia over 12 years"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"164","author":[{"given":"Yahya","family":"Shabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Algarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalifa","family":"Binkhamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Somily","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Al","family":"Bshabshe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Alshahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Critical Care Unit, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarik","family":"Alazraqi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safia Abdullah","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Habbash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulah J.","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihab M.","family":"Abdelrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Clinical Parasitology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebtisam S.A.","family":"Hassanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, New Valley University, El Kharga, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulah O.S.","family":"Bawazeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmadiyah","family":"Siddiq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Aseer, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_71_2026\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-018-0301-x","article-title":"Prevalence of acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia: Risk factors, antimicrobial resistance patterns and mechanisms of carbapenem resistance","volume":"18","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob."},{"key":"10.25259\/IJMR_71_2026\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9182747","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9182747","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii: An emerging health threat in aseer region, 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