{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T05:18:18Z","timestamp":1736054298402,"version":"3.32.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["indianjnephrol.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Indian J Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is an important modality of renal replacement therapy (RRT). Peritonitis and ultrafiltration failure are complications that have a long-term impact on PD patients. Besides touch contamination, procedural errors and clinical reasons of peritonitis, contaminants, and constituents of peritoneal dialysis fluids (PDFs) have been implicated in causing peritonitis and ultrafiltration failure. This study was aimed to test the PDFs in India for the presence of migratory plastics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PDFs from the two manufacturers in India were tested using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) with headspace analysis (volatile compounds) and pyrolysis of plastics (polymer compounds). The storage conditions and handling were uniform.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results revealed impurities of acetate compounds and aldehyde derivatives of glucose degradation products (GDPs) with contaminants and leachable plastics. There were high levels of GDP derivative in the form of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural compounds (5-HMF). The analysis revealed the presence of plastic softeners in very high concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study unmasks the presence of chemicals and GDPs that can be implicated in pathogenesis of sterile peritonitis and ultrafiltration failure. The study demonstrated the presence of leachable plastics. In conclusion, LCMS and GCMS studies can be used to test PDFs for unwanted chemicals prior to human use.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T15:05:51Z","timestamp":1719846351000},"page":"34-39","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Detections of Chemicals and Migratory Plastics in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Sanjay Kumar","family":"Panda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rama Krishna","family":"Maloth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Tarnaka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vijayasarthi","family":"Upadyayalu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical and Structural Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, Tarnaka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Tarnaka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Santosh","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Tarnaka, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990\u20132017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017","volume":"395","author":"Bikbov","year":"2020","journal-title":"The lancet"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e007525","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-007525","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in Asia: A systematic review and analysis","volume":"7","author":"Liyanage","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ global health"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c197","DOI":"10.1159\/000199460","article-title":"Chronic kidney disease in India: Challenges and solutions","volume":"111","author":"Agarwal","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1111\/sdi.12125","article-title":"PD First: peritoneal dialysis as the default transition to dialysis therapy","volume":"26","author":"Ghaffari","year":"2013","journal-title":"In Seminars in dialysis"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2013.00204","article-title":"A global overview of the impact of peritoneal dialysis first or favored policies: an opinion","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.14042","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis first policy in Hong Kong for 35 years: Global impact","volume":"27","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nephrol"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010112","article-title":"The current state of peritoneal dialysis","volume":"27","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.13949","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis: status report in south and south east Asia","volume":"26","author":"Bhargava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nephrol"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909373","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/909373","article-title":"Clinical causes of inflammation in peritoneal dialysis patients","volume":"2014","author":"Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Nephro"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2015.00055","article-title":"Epidemic of chemical peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: A report from Western India","volume":"36","author":"Jamale","year":"2016","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2037","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/15.12.2037","article-title":"Chemical peritonitis associated with high dialysate acetaldehyde concentrations","volume":"15","author":"Tuncer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608050250020","article-title":"Sterile peritonitis in the peritoneal dialysis patient","volume":"25","author":"De Freitas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3747\/pdi.2008.00170","article-title":"Description of an outbreak of acute sterile peritonitis in Iran","volume":"30","author":"Nouri-Majalan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-15","first-page":"113","article-title":"Cytotoxic glucose degradation products in fluids for peritoneal dialysis","volume":"10","author":"Adib","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran J Pharm Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10050768","article-title":"Un-favourable effects of peritoneal dialysis solutions on the peritoneal membrane: the role of oxidative stress","volume":"10","author":"Roumeliotis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/08968608221080586","article-title":"ISPD Peritonitis guideline recommendation: 2022. Update on prevention and treatment","volume":"42","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Perit Dial Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-800871-3.00006-7","article-title":"Toxicology: liquid chromatography mass spectrometry","volume-title":"Mass spectrometry for clinical laboratory","author":"Lynch","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000183338","article-title":"Acetate versus lactate in peritoneal dialysis solutions","volume":"39","author":"Pedersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2003.08804.x","article-title":"Buffer transport in peritoneal dialysis","volume":"64","author":"Heimburger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Kidney Int Suppl"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.22159\/ijap.2018v10i4.24823","article-title":"Complex technological and biological research of solutions for peritoneal dialysis","volume":"10","author":"Hudz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Appl Pharm"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4268","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-08123-1","article-title":"Degradation and de novo formation of nine major glucose degradation products during storage of peritoneal dialysis fluids","volume":"12","author":"Gensberger-Reigl","year":"2022","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh013","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis with solutions low in glucose degradation products is associated with improved biocompatibility profile towards peritoneal mesothelial cells","volume":"19","author":"Witowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-24","first-page":"343","article-title":"Heat sterilized PD- fluids impair growth and inflammatory responses of cultured cell lines and human leukocytes","volume":"39","author":"Wieslander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00879.x","article-title":"Long-term exposure to peritoneal dialysis solutions: Effect on peritoneal membrane","volume":"66","author":"Mortier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-018-1602-2","article-title":"Biocompatibility of a new PD solution for Japan, Reguneal\u2122, measured as in vitro proliferation of fibroblasts","volume":"22","author":"Dioos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Nephrol"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s41100-021-00348-6","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis guidelines 2019 part 1 (position paper of the Japanese Society for Dialysis Therapy)","volume":"7","author":"Ito","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renal Replacement Therapy"},{"key":"10.25259\/ijn_515_23\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD007554","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007554.pub3","article-title":"Biocompatible dialysis fluids for peritoneal dialysis","volume":"10","author":"Htay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"}],"container-title":["Indian Journal of Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/indianjnephrol.org\/detections-of-chemicals-and-migratory-plastics-in-peritoneal-dialysis-fluids\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/indianjnephrol.org\/detections-of-chemicals-and-migratory-plastics-in-peritoneal-dialysis-fluids\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,4]],"date-time":"2025-01-04T10:31:06Z","timestamp":1735986666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/indianjnephrol.org\/detections-of-chemicals-and-migratory-plastics-in-peritoneal-dialysis-fluids\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/ijn_515_23"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/ijn_515_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["1998-3662","0971-4065"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1998-3662"},{"type":"print","value":"0971-4065"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"article-number":"34"}}