{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T23:03:35Z","timestamp":1784675015100,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["jpalliativecare.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJPC"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) in Indian settings is yet not very often used in palliative care with the Hindi-speaking population. The Hindi version of PHQ-9 is available but its cultural adaptation to the Hindi-speaking population in North India receiving palliative care services is required to be tested. PHQ-9 as a depression screening questionnaire may help to identify depression symptoms among patients with cancer. This study aimed to examine the cultural equivalence of PHQ-9 Hindi for use with patients with cancer receiving palliative care services in North India.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Based on the standard methodology of translation and adaptation of the scale, the following process was used: (i) Two focused group discussions with 17 experts working in a cancer palliative care setting, (ii) qualitative interviewing with 11 patients, and (iii) research team review. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and item-wise content analysis was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A few difficult phrases in the original PHQ-9 were \u2018dilchaspi\u2019, \u2018avasadgrast\u2019, \u2018kam urja\u2019, \u2018nakaam\u2019, parivar ko neecha dhikhana and \u2018ashthir\u2019 which were changed to Kam Mann Lagna, Mann Dukhi hona, kamjori, saksham nahi hain\u2019 \u2018asafal\u2019, Parivar ko nirash karna\u2019 and \u2018bechain,\u2019 respectively. Two items, namely no. 6 and 8 were changed to shorten the length for appropriately conveying the meaning.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hindi language involves various dialects which change from region to region bringing variations in understanding the meaning of the words. It is recommended that culturally equivalent scales are used in practice and research. PHQ-9 is now culturally adapted for the Hindi-speaking population in North India. PHQ-9 will help identidy depressive symptoms at an early stage. Psychometric testing of PHQ-9 is underway.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijpc_96_2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]],"date-time":"2023-09-02T15:48:18Z","timestamp":1693669698000},"page":"292-311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cultural Adaptation of Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Hindi for Use with Patients with Cancer in Community Palliative Care Settings"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Tushti","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anu","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Home Care, CanSupport, New Delhi, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallika","family":"Chowdhary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Home Care, CanSupport, New Delhi, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-1","article-title":"National Programme for Palliative Care (NPPC) New Delhi, India: National Health Mission, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India","author":"GOI","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3109\/02841869309092441","article-title":"Psychiatric Morbidity among Cancer Patients and its Relationship with Awareness of Illness and Expectations About Treatment Outcome","volume":"32","author":"Alexander","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13696","DOI":"10.18535\/jmscr\/v4i11.30","article-title":"Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression Among Cancer Patients","volume":"4","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Sci Clin Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(98)00012-9","article-title":"Awareness of Diagnosis and Psychiatric Morbidity Among Cancer Patients-A Study from South India","volume":"45","author":"Chandra","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.21767\/2471-9854.100017","article-title":"Study of Anxiety and Depression Among Breast Cancer Patients From North India","volume":"2","author":"Srivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.191995","article-title":"Prevalence of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Cancer Patients-Hospital-based, Cross-Sectional Survey","volume":"58","author":"Gopalan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-7","first-page":"141","article-title":"Detection of Anxiety and Depression in Cancer Patients","volume":"12","author":"Chaturvedi","year":"1994","journal-title":"NIMHANS J"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2009.05.025","article-title":"Assessing the Symptoms of Cancer Using Patient-Reported Outcomes (ASCPRO): Searching for Standards","volume":"39","author":"Cleeland","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-021-02837-x","article-title":"Enabling Cross-Cultural Data Pooling in Trials: Linguistic Validation of Head and Neck Cancer Measures for Indian Patients","volume":"30","author":"Shunmugasundaram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e101295","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101295","article-title":"The Patient Health Questionnaire-9: Validation among Patients with Glaucoma","volume":"9","author":"Gothwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/IJPC_96_2023\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.8.4.219","article-title":"Development and Validation of a Core Outcome Measure for Palliative Care: The Palliative Care Outcome Scale. 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