{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T18:33:13Z","timestamp":1769884393953,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Global Health and Education Projects, Inc","content-domain":{"domain":["ijtmrph.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJTMRPH"],"abstract":"\n Background and Objective:<\/jats:title>\n Children under the age of 15 represent 3% of the global population living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), 9% of new HIV infections, and 12% of all deaths related to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This study describes the predictors of HIV among children aged 0\u201314 years in Nigeria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2018 Nigeria HIV\/AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey, the largest household-based HIV survey globally, using a weighted sample of 84,130,443 children aged 0\u201314 years collected nationwide from July to December 2018. We employed descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and the Kruskal-Wallis test to assess differences in HIV prevalence between urban and rural pediatric populations, while logistic regression models were used to identify predictors of pediatric HIV, with results reported as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Weighted data on a total of over 84 million children were analyzed, with a slightly higher median age and school enrollment observed among urban residents. HIV prevalence was low overall, at 0.1% in urban areas and 0.2% in rural areas. Among HIV-positive children, maternal awareness of HIV status was a key determinant: children whose mothers were aware of their HIV-positive status had a significantly lower likelihood of HIV infection (AOR: 0.02; CI: 0.01\u20130.06;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). Conversely, having a living mother (AOR: 6.57; CI: 1.75\u201324.7;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.005) and younger maternal age were were associated with an increased likelihood of pediatric HIV. Other sociodemographic and contextual factors, including the child\u2019s age, sex, residence, school enrollment, and conflict zone status, were not significantly associated with pediatric HIV acquisition.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion and Implications for Translation:<\/jats:title>\n The findings showed that maternal health significantly influences pediatric HIV outcomes. Children of HIV-positive mothers were less likely to acquire HIV, likely due to antiretroviral therapy and prevention of mother-to-child transmission programs. These findings emphasize the need for strengthened targeted interventions focusing on maternal care, HIV prevention, and healthcare access among vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/ijtmrph_45_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T01:09:27Z","timestamp":1748912967000},"page":"e009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Predictors of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Children 0\u201314 Years in Nigeria"],"prefix":"10.21106","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Aisha A.","family":"Abdullahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Kano Independent Research Centre Trust, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan A.","family":"Murtala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Kano Independent Research Centre Trust, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amina","family":"Aminu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Kano Independent Research Centre Trust, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad A.","family":"Abbas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kano State Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kano, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abubakar L.","family":"Yusuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Commissioner of Health, Kano State Ministry of Health, Kano, Nigeria"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University Dutse, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muktar H.","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sani H.","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ololade D.","family":"Adeyemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Ministry of Health, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deepa","family":"Dongarwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi B.","family":"Torrelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health Program, and the International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gambo","family":"Aliyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Agency for the Control of AIDS, Abuja, Nigeria,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hamisu M.","family":"Salihu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Kano Independent Research Centre Trust, Kano, Nigeria"},{"name":"Population Health Program, and the International Center for the Advancement of Research and Education, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"8847","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/IJTMRPH_45_2025\/ref-1","article-title":"Nigeria - 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