{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T16:56:17Z","timestamp":1784566577552,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCIS"],"abstract":"\nObjectives:<\/jats:title>\nThe objective of the study is to assess the utility of the perivascular space diffusion tensor imaging - along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) index in evaluating the activity of the brain glymphatic system in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cognitive impairment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMaterial and Methods:<\/jats:title>\nThis study included 40 T2DM patients with cognitive impairment and 40 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent DTI, and the DTI-ALPS index was calculated based on relevant DTI parameters. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 26.0, with significance set at P<\/jats:italic> < 0.05.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults:<\/jats:title>\nThe DTI-ALPS index in T2DM patients with cognitive impairment were significantly lower than that of the HCs. A significant negative correlation was observed between the DTI-ALPS index and glycated hemoglobin levels, while positive correlations were found with vitamin D, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion:<\/jats:title>\nThis study confirms glymphatic dysfunction in T2DM patients with cognitive impairment, as indicated by the reduced DTI-ALPS index. Furthermore, it demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing the DTI-ALPS method to assess glymphatic system activity in this patient population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/jcis_142_2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T09:23:03Z","timestamp":1755854583000},"page":"31","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of the glymphatic system using the DTI-ALPS index in type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced cognitive impairment"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Nan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rendi","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 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