{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T02:37:24Z","timestamp":1783651044392,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCIS"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) in treating critically ill patients with emphysematous cholecystitis who were deemed poor surgical candidates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The Institutional Review Board exemption was obtained for this retrospective study. Patients with emphysematous cholecystitis who were deemed to be poor operative candidates by the treating surgeon and underwent PC placement between May 2008 and April 2017 at a single institution were identified through a medical records search. Demographics, laboratory values, imaging data, procedural technique, complications, hospitalization course, clinical outcome, and survival data were obtained.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Ten consecutive patients were included, with a mean age of 75.0 \u00b1 12.2 years, including six men and four women. The most common comorbidity was diabetes (60%, 6\/10) followed by hypertension (40%, 4\/10). Intraluminal or intramural gas as well as gallbladder wall thickening were noted in all patients. Procedure technical success rate was 100%. There was a complete resolution of symptoms in 90% (9\/10) of patients at a mean of 2.9 \u00b1 1.4 days post-procedure. Thirty-day survival rate was 90% (9\/10); one patient died on the 6<jats:sup>th<\/jats:sup> post- procedure day from sepsis. Two more deaths occurred within a year after PC from unrelated causes. About 50% (5\/10) of patients underwent elective cholecystectomy at a median interval of 69 days post-procedure. In 40% (4\/10) of patients, cholecystostomy was the definitive treatment, with tube removal at a median of 140 days post- procedure.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PC appears to be a safe and generally effective alternative management option in patients with emphysematous cholecystitis that is considered very high risk for surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/jcis_145_2019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]],"date-time":"2020-03-27T09:00:32Z","timestamp":1585299632000},"page":"9","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Safety and Efficacy of Percutaneous Cholecystostomy for Emphysematous Cholecystitis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Amir","family":"Imanzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Kokabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Interventional Radiology, Emory University Hospital Midtown, Atlanta, Georgia,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarvenaz","family":"Pourjabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Igor","family":"Latich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Pollak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gowthaman","family":"Gunabushanam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_145_2019\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(75)90159-2","article-title":"A comparative appraisal of emphysematous cholecystitis","volume":"129","author":"Mentzer","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_145_2019\/ref-2","first-page":"2144","article-title":"Acute emphysematous cholecystitis. 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