{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T02:22:22Z","timestamp":1783045342722,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCIS"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objectives of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of findings on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) separately and to identify an optimal Boolean interpretation model for discriminating patients with small pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) from control groups in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrospectively enrolled 30 patients with surgery confirmed small PDAC (\u226420 mm) and 302 patients without pancreatic abnormality between April 2008 and February 2020. The presence of masses was evaluated by T1WI, T2WI, and DWI. Abnormality of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) was evaluated by T2WI and MRCP. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to select significant sequences for discriminating the small PDAC and control groups. Boolean operators \u201cOR\u201d or \u201cAND\u201d were used to construct sequence combinations. Diagnostic performances of these sequences and combinations were evaluated by <jats:italic>X<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> tests.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sensitivity of T2WI was lowest (20%) for detecting masses. For evaluating MPD abnormality, sensitivity was higher for MRCP than for T2WI (86.7% vs. 53.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that T1WI and DWI for detecting the presence of masses and MRCP for evaluating MPD abnormality were significantly associated with differentiation between the two groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0002, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.0484, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.0001, respectively). Seven combinations were constructed with T1WI, DWI, and MRCP. The combination of findings on \u201cT1WI or DWI or MRCP\u201d achieved the highest sensitivity of 96.7% and negative predictive value of 99.6%.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The combination of findings on \u201cT1WI or DWI or MRCP\u201d might be an optimal interpretation model for discriminating small PDAC from control groups in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/jcis_158_2021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,12]],"date-time":"2021-10-12T07:17:12Z","timestamp":1634023032000},"page":"54","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Abnormal Findings on \u201cT1WI or DWI or MRCP:\u201d An Effective Boolean Interpretation Model in Discriminating Small Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma from Control Group"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hainan","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minami","family":"Hirasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shin","family":"Hamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunji","family":"Mugikura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Masamune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Takase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, 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