{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T07:09:54Z","timestamp":1760425794931},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalimagingscience.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JCIS"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objective of the study was to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow alterations in meningitis using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PCMRI).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Fifty patients with clinically confirmed or strongly suspected infectious meningitis and 20 controls were evaluated with MRI. Quantitative CSF analysis was performed at the level of cerebral aqueduct using cardiac-gated PCMRI. Velocity encoding (Venc) was kept at 20 cm\/s. Patients were subdivided into Group I (patients with hydrocephalus [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 21]) and Group II (patients without hydrocephalus [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 29]).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean peak velocity and stroke volume in controls were 2.49 \u00b1 0.86 cm\/s and 13.23 \u00b1 6.84 \u00b5l and in patients were 2.85 \u00b1 2.90 cm\/s and 16.30 \u00b1 20.02 \u00b5l, respectively. A wide variation of flow parameters was noted in meningitis irrespective of the degree of ventricular dilatation. A significant difference in peak velocity and stroke volume was noted in Group II as compared to controls. Viral meningitis showed milder alteration of CSF flow dynamics as compared to bacterial and tuberculous etiologies. At a cutoff value of 3.57 cm\/s in peak CSF velocity, the specificity was 100% and sensitivity was 22.7% to differentiate between viral and non-viral meningitis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Alteration of CSF flow dynamics on PCMRI can improve segregation of patients into viral and non- viral etiologies, especially in those in whom contrast is contraindicated or not recommended. This may aid in institution of appropriate clinical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/jcis_24_2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]],"date-time":"2020-05-19T03:54:45Z","timestamp":1589860485000},"page":"29","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Magnetic Resonance Imaging Cerebrospinal Fluid Hydrodynamics in Patients with Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Devkant","family":"Lakhera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiodiagnosis, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajiv Kumar","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiodiagnosis, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheenam","family":"Azad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ragini","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rohitash","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_24_2020\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1086\/344939","article-title":"Pathophysiology of bacterial meningitis: Mechanism(s) of neuronal injury","volume":"186","author":"Scheld","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_24_2020\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/1756285609337975","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of bacterial meningitis","volume":"2","author":"Hoffman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ther Adv Neurol Disord"},{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_24_2020\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.154.4.2107681","article-title":"Gd-DTPA-enhanced MR imaging of the brain in patients with meningitis: Comparison with CT","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"1990","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_24_2020\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2010.097022","article-title":"Role of imaging in the diagnosis of acute bacterial meningitis and its complications","volume":"86","author":"Hughes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Postgrad Med J"},{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_24_2020\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-005-1383-7","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced FLAIR in the early diagnosis of infectious meningitis","volume":"47","author":"Splendiani","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/JCIS_24_2020\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.152.1.131","article-title":"Dyke award. 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