{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T14:12:02Z","timestamp":1790691122266,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ruralneuropractice.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JNRP"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objectives of the study were to investigate the neuromusculoskeletal complications of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and their associated factors, including the level of physical activity (PA) and clinicodemographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this cross-sectional analysis, we included 370 participants diagnosed with T2DM for no &lt;1 year who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic and clinical characteristics were noted and a thorough clinical examination was performed on all the participants. International PA Questionnaire-Short Form was used to evaluate the level of PA of the participants. The continuous data is presented as mean \u00b1 SD and the categorical data is presented as the number of participants (n) and percentage (%). A logistic regression model was used to investigate the predictors for the prevalence of the complications.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean duration of T2DM was 7.32 \u00b1 5.53 years and the mean hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) level (%) was 8.16\u00b11.67. A majority of the participants were having uncontrolled diabetes with an HbA1c level \u22657.5% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 190; 51.35%). The level of PA was low in a substantial proportion of the participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 276; 74.59%). A total of 162 (43.78%) participants were diagnosed with neuromusculoskeletal complications. Low back pain was the most common complication and degenerative disk disease was the most common diagnosis overall. Longer duration of diabetes, poor glycemic control, and low PA were associated with the prevalence of neuromusculoskeletal complications (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Neuromusculoskeletal complications of T2DM are common and can result in significant disability in this population. Low PA is very common among T2DM patients and an important contributor to the development of complications. Health-care providers should consider PA an integral component of the management protocol for T2DM patients.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/jnrp_11_2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]],"date-time":"2022-12-02T09:22:04Z","timestamp":1669972924000},"page":"705-710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Type 2 diabetes mellitus, physical activity, and neuromusculoskeletal complications"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Debasish","family":"Jena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagannatha","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Apurba","family":"Barman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kishore Kumar","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souvik","family":"Bhattacharjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar Odisha, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanyal","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-1","author":"International Diabetes Federation","year":"2021","unstructured":"Available from: https:\/\/diabetesatlas.org\/idfawp\/resource-files\/2021\/07\/IDF_Atlas_10th_Edition_2021.pdf [Last accessed on 2022 Mar 25]","edition":"10th ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.40","article-title":"Prevalence of Type 2 diabetes and its complications in India and economic costs to the nation","volume":"71","author":"Pradeepa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2006.00655.x","article-title":"Diabetes-associated macrovasculopathy: Pathophysiology and pathogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Rahman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.22508","article-title":"Advanced glycation end products in degenerative nucleus pulposus with diabetes","volume":"32","author":"Tsai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2009.08.001","article-title":"Upper limb musculoskeletal abnormalities and poor metabolic control in diabetes","volume":"20","author":"Ramchurn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1227\/01.neu.0000489830.71012.d0","article-title":"341 diabetes mellitus and back pain: Markers of diabetes disease progression are associated with chronic back pain","volume":"63","author":"Rinaldo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-7","first-page":"126","article-title":"Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research","volume":"100","author":"Caspersen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Public Health Rep"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_11_2022\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.03.06.dc05-1254","article-title":"Achievement of American Diabetes Association clinical practice recommendations among U.S. adults with diabetes, 1999-2002. 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