{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]],"date-time":"2023-03-21T04:49:32Z","timestamp":1679374172754},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ruralneuropractice.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JNRP"],"abstract":"\nObjectives:<\/jats:title>\nMovement disorders are common neurological problems. There is a considerable delay in the diagnosis of movement disorders which indirectly indicates their under-recognition. The studies regarding relative frequencies and their underlying etiology are limited. Describing and classifying them with a diagnosis helps in treating the condition. To study the clinical pattern of various movement disorders in children and to establish their etiology and outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMaterials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\nThis observational study was conducted in tertiary care hospital from January 2018 to June 2019. Children from 2 mo. to 18 years of age presenting with involuntary movements on the first Monday of every week were included in the study. History and clinical examination were carried out with a pre-designed proforma. A diagnostic workup was done, results were analyzed to find the common movement disorders and their etiology, and follow-up was analyzed for 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults:<\/jats:title>\nA total of 100 cases out of 158 with known etiology were included in the study of which 52% were females and 48% were males. The mean age at presentation was 3.15 years. The various movement disorders are dystonia-39(39%), choreoathetosis-29(29%), tremors-22(22%), gratification reaction-7(7%), and shuddering attacks-4(4%). Ballismus and myoclonus were found in 3(3%) children each. Tics, stereotypes, and hypokinesia were found in 2(2%) children each. A total of 113 movement disorders were found in 100 children. Etiologically, perinatal insult was the most common cause 27(27%), followed by metabolic\/genetic\/hereditary causes 25(25%). Infantile tremor syndrome due to Vitamin B12 deficiency-16\/22(73%), was a major contributor in children with tremors. Rheumatic chorea was less in our study 5(5%). Out of the 100 study subjects, 72 cases were followed up. Out of which 26 children have completely recovered. Based on the modified Rankins score(MRS), 7 children belong to category I, 2 children belong to category II, 1 child to category III, 6 children to category IV, and 14 children to category V of MRS. A total of 16 children have died (MRS VI).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion:<\/jats:title>\nPerinatal insult and Infantile tremor syndrome are more important and preventable causes. Rheumatic chorea is found to be less common. A significant number of children had more than one type of movement disorder, which warrants the need to look for varied types of movement disorders in the same child. Long-term follow-up shows complete recovery in one-fourth of children and the remaining surviving with disability.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/jnrp_17_2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T08:54:49Z","timestamp":1674809689000},"page":"21-27","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Childhood movement disorders: Clinicoetiological pattern and long-term follow-up at tertiary care center from South India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Navya N.","family":"Parameshwarappa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vykuntaraju K.","family":"Gowda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sanjay K.","family":"Shivappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-1","first-page":"706","article-title":"Movement disorders: An overview","volume-title":"Swaiman's Paediatric Neurology: Principles and Practice","author":"Mink","year":"2018","edition":"6th ed"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.24.2.39","article-title":"Movement disorders in children","volume":"24","author":"Schlaggar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatr Rev"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-3","first-page":"2888","volume-title":"Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics","volume":"03","author":"Mink","year":"2015","edition":"1st South Asia"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.4236\/nm.2012.31014","article-title":"Common movement disorders in children: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management","volume":"3","author":"Korn-Lubetzki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073814550828","article-title":"Acute movement disorders in children: Experience from a developing country","volume":"30","author":"Goraya","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12399","article-title":"Childhood-onset movement disorders: A clinical series of 606 cases","volume":"4","author":"Baumer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.2009.03598.x","article-title":"A prospective study of acute movement disorders in children","volume":"52","author":"Dale","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022\/ref-8","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Paediatic Movement Disorders","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Alvarez","year":"2005"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/childhood-movement-disorders-clinicoetiological-pattern-and-long-term-follow-up-at-tertiary-care-center-from-south-india\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/childhood-movement-disorders-clinicoetiological-pattern-and-long-term-follow-up-at-tertiary-care-center-from-south-india\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,20]],"date-time":"2023-03-20T12:30:24Z","timestamp":1679315424000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/childhood-movement-disorders-clinicoetiological-pattern-and-long-term-follow-up-at-tertiary-care-center-from-south-india\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"references-count":8,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/JNRP_17_2022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/jnrp_17_2022","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-3155","0976-3147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-3155","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0976-3147","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,22]]},"article-number":"21"}}