{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:18:52Z","timestamp":1789661932265,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["ruralneuropractice.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JNRP"],"abstract":"\nObjectives:<\/jats:title>\nAgriculture is associated with various physical and mental health risks. There has been growing concern about the psychological hazards associated with farming including high stress levels, depression, anxiety, and increasing rates of suicide. To bolster resilience and overall survival within the farmers, it is imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the protective factors that contribute to mental and psychological well-being.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMaterials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\nThe study followed an explorative research design and used purposive sampling to select samples from Chikkaballapur District in Karnataka. Nine farmers were interviewed based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The interview schedule was prepared based on the literature review. Experts in the field did content and face validation. The transcribed data were coded using the free version of QDA Miner. The thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis,<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults:<\/jats:title>\nThree broader themes and 15 sub-themes emerged: (1) Personal protective factors: feeling of autonomy, purpose in life, passion for work, problem-solving skills, positive mindset and building resilience, learning new skills, and spiritual and religious beliefs; (2) social protective factors: friends and peer group, belongingness, family, and social engagements; and (3) environmental protective factors: lifestyle and being physically active, rural environment, government\/institutional support, and recognition in the society.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion:<\/jats:title>\nThe study successfully emerged three overarching protective factors that farmers perceived as significant for their mental health and well-being, entitled personal, social, and environmental. The study findings provide valuable insights for social work practitioners, guiding them in developing interventions and strategies to support the mental health and well-being of the farming population.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/jnrp_403_2023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]],"date-time":"2024-03-21T05:37:47Z","timestamp":1710999467000},"page":"307-312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Farmer\u2019s mental health and well-being: Qualitative findings on protective factors"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Sayujya","family":"Saju","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Nueroscinces, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanivaram K.","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatric Social Work, National Institute of Mental Health and Nueroscinces, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somashekhar","family":"Bijjal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Gadag Institute of Medical Sciences, Gadag, Karnataka, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sadananda Reddy","family":"Annapally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jindal School of Psychology and Counselling, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonepat, Haryana, India,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agee.2008.01.007","article-title":"Coping better with current climatic variability in the rain-fed farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa: An essential first step in adapting to future climate change?","volume":"126","author":"Cooper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Agric Ecosyst Environ"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1177\/0020764005060844","article-title":"Farming and mental health problems and mental illness","volume":"51","author":"Fraser","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0274(200010)38:4<463::AID-AJIM13>3.0.CO;2-N","article-title":"Agricultural injury","volume":"38","author":"McCurdy","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Ind Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2013.796903","article-title":"International perspectives on psychosocial working conditions, mental health, and stress of dairy farm operators","volume":"18","author":"Kolstrup","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Agromedicine"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-5","author":"Census of India","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/52.8.471","article-title":"The mental health of farmers","volume":"52","author":"Gregoire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Occup Med (London)"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.01.002","article-title":"Mental health status of Farmers in Maharashtra, India: A study from farmer suicide prone area of Vidarbha region","volume":"8","author":"Bomble","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-8","first-page":"1","article-title":"The determinants of leverage of the listed companies in Sri Lanka: An empirical study","volume":"3","author":"Anandasayanan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Res Commer Manag"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/0304375415581258","article-title":"Confronting farmer suicides in India","volume":"40","author":"Kaushal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alternatives"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-10","first-page":"26","article-title":"Farmer suicide: Need for mental health interventions","volume":"28","author":"Murthy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Assoc Soc Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_102_17","article-title":"National mental health survey of India 2015-2016","volume":"59","author":"Murthy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2391","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.19.2391","article-title":"Mental health: New understanding, new hope","volume":"286","author":"Brundtland","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jegh.2016.03.003","article-title":"Factors associated with the farmer suicide crisis in India","volume":"6","author":"Merriott","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Global Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0225661","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0225661","article-title":"Research trends in farmers' mental health: A scoping review of mental health outcomes and interventions among farming populations worldwide","volume":"14","author":"Hagen","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0273625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0273625","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal ideation among farmers","volume":"17","author":"de Oliveira Santos","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2022.2069701","article-title":"Depression in Brazilian farmers: Prevalence and associated factors","volume":"33","author":"Petarli","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6522","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18126522","article-title":"Factors associated with suicidal behavior in farmers: A systematic review","volume":"18","author":"de Oliveira Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119S","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539510392556","article-title":"Climate change and farmers' mental health: Risks and responses","volume":"23","author":"Berry","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/soru.12274","article-title":"'Farming is not just an occupation [but] a whole lifestyle': A qualitative examination of lifestyle and cultural factors affecting mental health help-seeking in Australian farmers","volume":"60","author":"Vayro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Rural"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4849","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16234849","article-title":"Key risk factors affecting farmers' mental health: A systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Yazd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-21","first-page":"70","article-title":"Farmers' protests, death by suicides, and mental health systems in India: Critical questions","volume":"23","author":"Kottai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethical Hum Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-7-225","article-title":"Empowerment of women and mental health promotion: A qualitative study in rural Maharashtra, India","volume":"7","author":"Kermode","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/1525822X06296589","article-title":"QDA miner 2.0 Mixed-model qualitative data analysis software","volume":"19","author":"Lewis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Field Methods"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1037\/13620-004","volume-title":"APA handbook of research methods in psychology","author":"Braun","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12247","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191912247","article-title":"Male farmers' perspectives on psychological wellbeing self-management strategies that work for them and how barriers to seeking professional mental health assistance could be overcome","volume":"19","author":"Woolford","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5545.174365","article-title":"Resilience: A psychobiological construct for psychiatric disorders","volume":"58","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-27","first-page":"24791","article-title":"Role of communication for improving the mental health of farmers","volume":"10","author":"Padhy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Nat Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-28","first-page":"43","article-title":"Does spiritual intervention contribute in mental health and well-being?: A critical review","volume":"11","author":"Sanyal","year":"2020","journal-title":"IBA J Manage Leaders"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1080\/1359432X.2021.1972973","article-title":"Job autonomy and psychological well-being: A linear or a nonlinear association?","volume":"31","author":"Clausen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Work Org Psychol"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3054","DOI":"10.1002\/jcop.22814","article-title":"An investigation into the relationship between social support, stress, and psychological well-being in farmers","volume":"50","author":"Deegan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Community Psychol"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2023.2176959","article-title":"Farmers supporting farmers: Livestock auctions as spaces to reconstruct occupational community and counter mental health issues","volume":"28","author":"Nye","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Agromedicine"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/07481180802671985","article-title":"Resilience among men farmers: The protective roles of social support and sense of belonging in the depression-suicidal ideation relation","volume":"33","author":"McLaren","year":"2009","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0139777","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139777","article-title":"How possibly do leisure and social activities impact mental health of middle-Aged adults in Japan?: An evidence from a national longitudinal survey","volume":"10","author":"Takeda","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-008-0374-5","article-title":"Social networks and mental health among a farming population","volume":"43","author":"Stain","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1057\/s41599-021-00723-y","article-title":"Associations of physical activity in rural life with happiness and ikigai: A cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"Kabasawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Humanit Soc Sci Commun"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-3664-y","article-title":"The health and wellbeing of Australian farmers: A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Brew","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429270628-1","article-title":"Agrarian distress and farmer suicides in North India","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"UK: Routledge;"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1177\/1097184X03257409","article-title":"Three visions of masculine success on American farms","volume":"7","author":"Barlett","year":"2004","journal-title":"Men Masc"},{"key":"10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023\/ref-39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2019.1674230","article-title":"Farmers' mental health: Perceptions from a farm show","volume":"25","author":"Rudolphi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Agromedicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/farmers-mental-health-and-well-being-qualitative-findings-on-protective-factors\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/farmers-mental-health-and-well-being-qualitative-findings-on-protective-factors\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,7]],"date-time":"2024-05-07T08:36:51Z","timestamp":1715071011000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ruralneuropractice.com\/farmers-mental-health-and-well-being-qualitative-findings-on-protective-factors\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/JNRP_403_2023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/jnrp_403_2023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-3155","0976-3147"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-3155","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0976-3147","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,21]]},"article-number":"307"}}