{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T05:45:35Z","timestamp":1676699135781},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["nmji.in"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["NMJI"],"abstract":"\nBackground<\/jats:title>\nThe traditional coronary calcium score (CCS) is a time-tested tool for the evaluation of coronary atherosclerosis and predictor of future cardiovascular events. Non-traditional tools can also have a value in predicting and detecting subclinical coronary artery disease (CAD).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMethods<\/jats:title>\nWe studied the role of CCS, the traditional CAD risk predictor, and the less-recognized, non-traditional risk factors, i.e. epicardial fat volume (EFV) and thoracic extracoronary calcium (ECC), to assess the degree of subclinical CAD. In this cross-sectional observational study, we included 950 Indian patients (suspected to have CAD). Coronary computed tomography angiography was performed. Estimation of CCS, EFV and thoracic ECC was done.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\nA CCS of 0 was seen in 583 patients (61.4%). Of these, 492 patients had normal coronary angiogram but 91 patients had CAD. The median values of EFV were statistically significantly higher in the \u2018CAD present and CCS 0\u2019 group compared to the \u2018CAD absent and CCS 0\u2019 group (p<0.001). The presence of thoracic ECC involving at least a single site was seen in only 6 of these 91 patients. When both EFV and CCS were considered together for the detection of CAD, the sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) were improved compared to either of these in isolation. When ECC was taken together with CCS and EFV, no further improvement in sensitivity or NPV was observed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nThe combined use of traditional CCS along with non-traditional EFV may guide us in better profiling cardiovascular risk and supplement the various traditional cardiovascular risk factors\/scores.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/nmji_513_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T13:53:46Z","timestamp":1676642026000},"page":"261-265","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non-traditional tools for predicting coronary artery disease"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"RISHABH","family":"KHURANA","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Endovascular Interventions, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ANURAG","family":"YADAV","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CT and MRI, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 110060, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.B.S.","family":"BUXI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CT and MRI, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 110060, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"KISHAN SINGH","family":"RAWAT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CT and MRI, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 110060, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"SAMARJIT S.","family":"GHUMAN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of CT and MRI, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi 110060, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/NMJI_513_19\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008729","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases in India: Current epidemiology and future directions","volume":"133","author":"Prabhakaran","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.25259\/NMJI_513_19\/ref-2","first-page":"e2","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics-2012 update: A report from the American Heart Association","volume":"125","author":"Roger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.25259\/NMJI_513_19\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.11.065","article-title":"Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in community-dwelling elderly individuals with calcification of the fibrous skeleton of the base of the heart and aortosclerosis (The Cardiovascular Health Study)","volume":"97","author":"Barasch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/NMJI_513_19\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.235234","article-title":"Calcified atherosclerosis in different vascular beds and the risk of mortality","volume":"32","author":"Allison","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.25259\/NMJI_513_19\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2018.08.009","article-title":"Correlation of epicardial fat quantification with severity of coronary artery disease: A study in Indian population","volume":"70","author":"Khurana","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian Heart J"},{"key":"10.25259\/NMJI_513_19\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.178458","article-title":"Assessment of coronary artery disease by cardiac computed tomography: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Cardiovascular Imaging and Intervention, Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention, and Committee on Cardiac Imaging, Council on Clinical Cardiology","volume":"114","author":"Budoff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.25259\/NMJI_513_19\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2157","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.8.2157","article-title":"Coronary artery calcium area by electron-beam computed tomography and coronary atherosclerotic plaque area. 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