{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,23]],"date-time":"2025-08-23T00:06:40Z","timestamp":1755907600616,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\nBackground: <\/jats:title>\nMeige syndrome is a cranial dystonia which presents with blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia, identified in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease, atypical Parkinsonism, and essential tremor. Treatment of Meige syndrome involves both pharmacological and surgical interventions including botulinum toxin injections, muscle relaxants, dopamine receptor antagonists, and anticholinergic drugs. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has also been used to treat these patients with medically refractory Meige syndrome with a high degree of efficacy. Herein, we present a case of medically refractory Meige syndrome treated with bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS with improvement of dystonia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCase Description: <\/jats:title>\nThis is a 74-year-old female diagnosed with blepharospasm 15 years ago, after she noted increased blinking frequency and difficulty keeping her eyelids open. She was initially managed with extraocular Botox injections, but her symptoms progressed and began to include shoulder shrugging, jaw clenching, and uncontrolled head turning. A diagnosis of Meige syndrome was made and the patient responded appropriately to pharmacological management with benzodiazepines, baclofen, and carbidopa-levodopa. The patient eventually developed severe dystonia secondary to her Meige syndrome diagnosis and her symptoms were now refractory to botulinum toxin injections and medications. The patient underwent DBS of the bilateral GPi. After 52 weeks of follow-up, significant improvements in involuntary blinking, squinting, photophobia, teeth clenching, and neck tightness were noted.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion: <\/jats:title>\nDBS is a safe and effective means of treating dystonia related to Meige syndrome. Further studies are needed to elucidate optimal targeting for these patients and programming specifics for long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_1018_2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]],"date-time":"2025-08-22T09:46:53Z","timestamp":1755856013000},"page":"355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deep brain stimulation for Meige syndrome"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Stephen","family":"Jaffee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Syed","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikayla","family":"Spott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trent Shane","family":"Kite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nestor","family":"Tomycz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2018.05.012","article-title":"The impact of deep brain stimulation on health related quality of life and disease-specific disability in meige syndrome (MS)","volume":"171","author":"Aires","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-2","first-page":"53","article-title":"Animal models for investigating benign essential blepharospasm","volume":"11","author":"Evinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr 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Neurobiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.04.005","article-title":"Electrophysiological signatures predict clinical outcomes after deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus in meige syndrome","volume":"14","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1111\/ner.12345","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for craniocervical dystonia (meige syndrome): A report of four patients and a literature-based analysis of its treatment effects","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuromodulation"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-019-09462-2","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for meige syndrome: A meta-analysis with individual patient data","volume":"266","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/mdc3.12004","article-title":"STN vs. GPi deep brain stimulation: Translating the rematch into clinical practice","volume":"1","author":"Williams","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mov Disord Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e27945","article-title":"Pallidal versus subthalamic deep brain stimulation for meige syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.11.JNS232075","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for primary meige syndrome: Clinical outcomes and predictive factors","volume":"140","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1018_2024\/ref-12","article-title":"Meige syndrome","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Zeppieri","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology 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