{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T14:58:36Z","timestamp":1777993116810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>External ventricular drainage (EVD) is a critical neurosurgical procedure for managing conditions. Despite its widespread use, EVD placement is associated with specific risks, as improper catheter positioning can lead to severe complications. Recent advancements in augmented reality (AR) technology present new opportunities to improve the precision and safety of surgical interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study presents a new AR-assisted approach for EVD placement, utilizing the Microsoft HoloLens 2 and the Medgital software. We conducted a clinical trial involving three patients requiring EVD due to acute hydrocephalus or subarachnoid hemorrhage. The study adhered to ethical standards and was approved by an Ethics Committee, with informed consent obtained from all participants. Two alignment methods were employed: cranial landmark-based and QR code-based alignment. Preoperative imaging facilitated the creation of patient-specific 3D models, which were aligned with the patient\u2019s anatomy during surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results suggest that AR navigation may improve the accuracy of catheter placement. In the first case, EVD was placed with a deviation of 2.3 mm from the planned trajectory, while the second and third cases achieved deviations of 1.5 mm and 0.5 mm, respectively. These results indicate the potential effectiveness of the AR system. Importantly, no postoperative complications were observed, suggesting the safety of the AR-guided approach.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study suggests the viability of AR-assisted navigation in neurosurgical practice, particularly for EVD placement. The promising results support further exploration and integration of AR technologies in surgical settings, aiming to improve patient outcomes and procedural efficiency in neurosurgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_1066_2024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T10:03:07Z","timestamp":1742551387000},"page":"93","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Augmented reality for external ventricular drain placement: Model alignment and integration software"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Anton Nikolaevich","family":"Konovalov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, Federal State Autonomous Institution \u201cNational Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery named after Academician N.N.Burdenko\u201d of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation"},{"name":"Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry Nikolaevich","family":"Okishev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, Federal State Autonomous Institution \u201cNational Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery named after Academician N.N.Burdenko\u201d of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuri Viktorovich","family":"Pilipenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, Federal State Autonomous Institution \u201cNational Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery named after Academician N.N.Burdenko\u201d of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shalva Shalvovich","family":"Eliava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Neurosurgery, Federal State Autonomous Institution \u201cNational Medical Research Center of Neurosurgery named after Academician N.N.Burdenko\u201d of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anton Alekseevich","family":"Artemyev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timur Yurevich","family":"Abzalov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. 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Yurevich","family":"Smirnov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Graphics and Design, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergey Vasilyevich","family":"Strelkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering Graphics and Design, LLC Medgital, Saint Petersburg, Leningrad Region, Moscow, Russian Federation"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1066_2024\/ref-1","first-page":"252","article-title":"Augmented reality in the surgery of cerebral aneurysms: A technical 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