{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T10:30:35Z","timestamp":1767349835559,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Cortical spreading depression (CSD) has been recognized recently as a potential driver of secondary brain injury following traumatic brain injury and subdural hematoma (SDH). It can propagate in metabolically compromised cortical tissue, leading to the spread of ischemia and delayed infarction.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case Description:<\/jats:title>\n The case is an 87-year-old man with atrial fibrillation on long-term anticoagulation who sustained an unwitnessed fall at home and was only found a day later. On presentation, he was alert but suffering from a profound left-sided hemiparesis, as well as significant dysarthria and confusion. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed an acute SDH causing only mild local mass effect. CT-angiogram showed no evidence of cervical or intracranial occlusion or dissection. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed extensive cortical acute infarcts, including territories far from the SDH, and with white matter sparing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n This case highlights the potential contribution of CSD, inferred from characteristic imaging findings, and spreading ischemia to delayed, diffuse hemispheric infarction in the setting of traumatic SDH, emphasizing its pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and therapeutic implications.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_1224_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T10:27:44Z","timestamp":1767349664000},"page":"6","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cortical spreading depression and multi-territorial cortical infarction following traumatic subdural hematoma: A case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Kazunori","family":"Oda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeet Singh","family":"Saluja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Marcoux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2024.115120","article-title":"Repetitive cortical spreading depolarizations are prolonged early after experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"385","author":"Best","year":"2025","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.192","article-title":"Cortical spreading depression and migraine","volume":"9","author":"Charles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2471","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1207363","article-title":"A trial of intracranial-pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury","volume":"367","author":"Chesnut","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2333","article-title":"The role of spreading depression, spreading depolarization and spreading ischemia in neurological disease","volume":"17","author":"Dreier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1866","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp102","article-title":"Cortical spreading ischaemia is a novel process involved in ischaemic damage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"132","author":"Dreier","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3224","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awl297","article-title":"Delayed ischaemic neurological deficits after subarachnoid haemorrhage are associated with clusters of spreading depolarizations","volume":"129","author":"Dreier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0515i.x","article-title":"Ischaemia triggered by spreading neuronal activation is inhibited by vasodilators in rats","volume":"531","author":"Dreier","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5829","article-title":"Prognosis of acute subdural hematoma in the elderly: A systematic review","volume":"36","author":"Evans","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh716","article-title":"Cortical spreading depression and peri-infarct depolarization in acutely injured human cerebral cortex","volume":"129","author":"Fabricius","year":"2006","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2019.4476","article-title":"Prognostic value of spreading depolarizations in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"77","author":"Hartings","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr048","article-title":"Spreading depolarizations have prolonged direct current shifts and are associated with poor outcome in brain trauma","volume":"134","author":"Hartings","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15112426","article-title":"Risk factors contributing to higher mortality rates in elderly patients with acute traumatic subdural hematoma sustained in a fall: A cross-sectional analysis using registered trauma data","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2809","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12082809","article-title":"Acute haemostatic depletion and failure in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI): Pathophysiological and clinical considerations","volume":"12","author":"Kockelmann","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2010.191","article-title":"Clinical relevance of cortical spreading depression in neurological disorders: Migraine, malignant stroke, subarachnoid and intracranial hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"Lauritzen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2444465","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.44465","article-title":"Hypotension and adverse outcomes in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Lee","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2020.128","article-title":"Cortical spreading depolarization in chronic subdural hematoma: Bridging the gap","volume":"48","author":"Levesque","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-022-01474-7","article-title":"Cortical spreading depolarization, blood flow, and cognitive outcomes in a closed head injury mouse model of traumatic brain injury","volume":"37","author":"Mosley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2019.10.048","article-title":"Cortical spreading depression in the setting of traumatic brain injury","volume":"134","author":"Soldozy","year":"2020","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/WNP.0000000000000648","article-title":"Cortical spreading depression phenomena are frequent in ischemic and traumatic penumbra: A prospective study in patients with traumatic brain injury and large hemispheric ischemic stroke","volume":"38","author":"Sueiras","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2013.12.058","article-title":"Cortical spreading depression in traumatic brain injuries: Is there a role for astrocytes?","volume":"565","author":"Torrente","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-024-00973-9","article-title":"From spreading depolarization to blood-brain barrier dysfunction: Navigating traumatic brain injury for novel diagnosis and therapy","volume":"20","author":"Van Hameren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025\/ref-22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106269","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies impaired neurovascular coupling following traumatic brain injury","volume":"186","author":"Van Hameren","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/cortical-spreading-depression-and-multi-territorial-cortical-infarction-following-traumatic-subdural-hematoma-a-case-report-and-literature-review\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/cortical-spreading-depression-and-multi-territorial-cortical-infarction-following-traumatic-subdural-hematoma-a-case-report-and-literature-review\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]],"date-time":"2026-01-02T10:27:48Z","timestamp":1767349668000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/cortical-spreading-depression-and-multi-territorial-cortical-infarction-following-traumatic-subdural-hematoma-a-case-report-and-literature-review\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"references-count":22,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_1224_2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_1224_2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806","2229-5097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2229-5097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,2]]},"article-number":"6"}}