{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:56:10Z","timestamp":1774605370993,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery is the standard procedure for managing hydrocephalus. This study retrospectively compared catheter placement accuracy and clinical utility in VP shunt surgery using an optical navigation system versus freehand techniques.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This study retrospectively included patients from Juntendo University Hospital (January 2015 to March 2025). Only cases with postoperative computed tomography (CT) within 7 days were analyzed. Patients were divided into navigation-assisted and freehand groups. Catheter tip position was classified into four CT-based grades. Statistical comparisons used the Mann\u2013Whitney U test and Fisher\u2019s exact test.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Forty-two patients (mean age 48.3 \u00b1 25.5 years; 24 males [57.1%]) were analyzed. The navigation-assisted and freehand groups each comprised 21 patients. There were no significant intergroup differences in age (54.8 \u00b1 21.2 vs. 41.7 \u00b1 28.2 years,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.16), sex ratio (62.5% vs. 37.5% male,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.12), or median operative time (60 vs. 62 min,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.98). Postoperative CT revealed that all cases in the navigation-assisted group achieved grade 1 placement (100%), whereas in the freehand group, 16 (76.2%) were grade 1, 3 (14.3%) were grade 2, and 2 (9.5%) were grade 3. Malposition (grades 2\u20134) occurred only in the freehand group (23.8%), with a significant difference between the groups (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n In this limited retrospective series, optical navigation-assisted VP shunt surgery appeared to improve the accuracy of ventricular catheter placement compared with the freehand technique. Larger prospective studies are required to determine whether this improved accuracy translates into better long-term clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_1253_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T09:11:47Z","timestamp":1774602707000},"page":"186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Accuracy of catheter placement in ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery with optical navigation: A retrospective comparative study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Yuzaburo","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Akiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuma","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryo","family":"Miyahara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihide","family":"Kondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1253_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3171\/2012.7.PEDS11369","article-title":"Electromagnetic-guided neuronavigation for safe placement of ventricular catheters in pediatric hydrocephalus","volume":"10","author":"Hermann","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1253_2025\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3171\/JNS\/2008\/108\/01\/0088","article-title":"Accuracy of the free hand pass technique for ventriculostomy catheter placement: Retrospective assessment using computed tomography scans","volume":"108","author":"Huyette","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1253_2025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2904","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1750727","article-title":"Global supply chain fragility during COVID-19","volume":"58","author":"Ivanov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Prod Res"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1253_2025\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0198752","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198752","article-title":"Yield of early postoperative computed tomography after frontal ventriculoperitoneal shunt 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reusable versus disposable laparoscopic instruments: Costs and safety","volume":"87","author":"Siu","year":"2017","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1253_2025\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-012-1943-1","article-title":"Smartphone-assisted guide for the placement of ventricular catheters","volume":"29","author":"Thomale","year":"2013","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1253_2025\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.8.PEDS16229","article-title":"Ventricular catheter entry site and not catheter tip location predicts shunt survival: A secondary analysis of 3 large pediatric hydrocephalus studies","volume":"19","author":"Whitehead","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_1253_2025\/ref-13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2010.06.018","article-title":"Factors affecting the accuracy of 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