{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T09:42:09Z","timestamp":1777110129458,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates secondary injury cascades that can reduce brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a key mediator of synaptic plasticity and repair. Erythropoietin (EPO) has nonhematopoietic neuroprotective effects and may upregulate BDNF, while serum BDNF is a feasible translational pharmacodynamic biomarker. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether repeated intraperitoneal EPO administration increased serum BDNF levels on post-injury day 7 in Wistar rats with experimental TBI.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Male Wistar rats (2.5\u20133 months; 200\u2013250 g) were allocated to sham, TBI + normal saline, or TBI + EPO (5,000 IU\/kg intraperitoneally at 1 h, 24 h, 48 h, and day 7). Focal unilateral TBI was induced using a weight-drop model under ketamine\/xylazine anesthesia. Serum BDNF (ng\/mL) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 7. Group differences were tested using one-way analysis of variance with Tukey\n post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n testing (two-sided \u03b1 = 0.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Analyzable samples were sham\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 10, TBI + saline\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 10, and TBI + EPO\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 9. Mean \u00b1 standard deviation serum BDNF was 0.336 \u00b1 0.164, 0.288 \u00b1 0.111, and 0.770 \u00b1 0.170 ng\/mL, respectively. Overall differences were significant (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). EPO increased BDNF versus sham and saline (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), while saline and sham did not differ (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.000).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Repeated EPO dosing significantly increased serum BDNF 7 days after experimental TBI, supporting BDNF-linked neuroprotective signaling and the utility of serum BDNF as a pharmacodynamic biomarker. Dose\u2013 response, longer follow-up, and multimodal outcomes are required before clinical translation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_1280_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T08:55:40Z","timestamp":1777107340000},"page":"234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of erythropoietin on serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor after experimental traumatic brain injury in Wistar rats: A randomized controlled laboratory study"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Hasan","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Universitas Airlangga - Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wihasto","family":"Suryaningtyas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Universitas Airlangga - Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Arifin","family":"Parenrengi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Universitas Airlangga - Faculty of Medicine, Dr. Soetomo Academic General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Citrawati Dyah Kencono","family":"Wungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Biochemistry, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 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