{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,28]],"date-time":"2025-08-28T12:18:18Z","timestamp":1756383498486},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\nBackground: <\/jats:title>\nSpinal intradural extramedullary hemorrhage is a rare and important pathology that may precipitate acute compressive myelopathy. It is most commonly associated with spinal trauma, neoplasia, vasculopathy, and iatrogenesis. In rare circumstances, it occurs spontaneously secondary to anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications without an underlying structural lesion. In these instances, it may be related to vasculopathy and\/ or cardiovascular disease risk factors. We highlight the salient clinical and radiological features of this pathology, discuss putative mechanisms of its pathogenesis, and describe surgical considerations related to its management.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCase Description: <\/jats:title>\nThis report describes an elderly gentleman who presented with two discrete spinal hemorrhages associated with separate foci of bleeding, in the context of therapeutic anticoagulation, on a background of significant structural and functional cardiovascular disease with risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion: <\/jats:title>\nOur report is novel in that there are no other cases, to the best of our knowledge, of multiple non-contiguous anticoagulation-related spontaneous acute spinal intradural extramedullary hemorrhages in the medical literature. This article is written with the purpose of assisting clinicians to recognize and expedite treatment of this rare pathology. Prompt diagnosis followed by urgent decompressive surgery provides the best functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_178_2022","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T09:28:23Z","timestamp":1654248503000},"page":"235","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Multiple non-contiguous anticoagulation-related spontaneous acute spinal intradural extramedullary hemorrhages"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christopher Alan","family":"Brooks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen Jie","family":"Choy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayant","family":"Rajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omprakash","family":"Damodaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Australia,"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nepean Hospital, Kingswood, Sydney, Australia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(92)90116-K","article-title":"A spinal haematoma occurring in the subarachnoid as well as in the subdural space in a patient treated with anticoagulants","volume":"94","author":"Bernsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1053\/crad.2000.0466","article-title":"Spinal subdural haematoma: A study of three cases","volume":"56","author":"Boukobza","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.04.048","article-title":"Acute nontraumatic spinal intradural hematoma in a patient on warfarin","volume":"45","author":"Bruce-Brand","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3171\/spi.2005.2.5.0612","article-title":"Spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma associated with low-molecular-weight heparin. Case report","volume":"2","author":"Cha","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-5","first-page":"65","article-title":"Nontraumatic acute spinal subdural hematoma: Report of five cases and review of the literature","volume":"91","author":"Domenicucci","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/0090-3019(84)90265-9","article-title":"Spinal subarachnoid hematoma of spontaneous origin and complicating anticoagulation. Report of four cases and review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Gaitzsch","year":"1984","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-7","first-page":"000951","article-title":"Spontaneous spinal intradural haematoma in an anticoagulated woman","volume":"5","author":"Girithari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Case Rep Intern Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s007010170118","article-title":"Coagulopathy induced spinal intradural extramedullary haematoma: Report of three cases and review of the literature","volume":"143","author":"Hausmann Kirsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E547","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200112010-00022","article-title":"Acute nontraumatic spinal subdural hematomas in three patients","volume":"26","author":"Morandi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrl.2010.07.032","article-title":"Spontaneous intradural spinal haematoma associated with a cerebral subarachnoid haemorrhage","volume":"26","author":"Pe\u00f1as","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurologia"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_178_2022\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"bcr2016215616","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-215616","article-title":"Non-traumatic spinal intradural haematoma: A rare case of paralysis following abciximab for ST elevation acute coronary syndrome","volume":"2016","author":"Wong","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/multiple-non-contiguous-anticoagulation-related-spontaneous-acute-spinal-intradural-extramedullary-hemorrhages\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/multiple-non-contiguous-anticoagulation-related-spontaneous-acute-spinal-intradural-extramedullary-hemorrhages\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T09:28:34Z","timestamp":1654248514000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/multiple-non-contiguous-anticoagulation-related-spontaneous-acute-spinal-intradural-extramedullary-hemorrhages\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"references-count":11,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_178_2022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_178_2022","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]]},"article-number":"235"}}