{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T23:00:07Z","timestamp":1779145207070,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\"><jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Subgaleal hematoma (SGH) is generally documented within the neonatal period and is rarely reported as a result of trauma or hair braiding in children. While rare, complications of SGH can result in ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, visual deficit, and corneal ulceration secondary to hematoma extension into the orbit. Although conservative treatment is preferential, expanding SGH should be aspirated to reduce complications associated with further expansion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"st2\"><jats:title>Case Description:<\/jats:title><jats:p>A 12-year-old African-American female with no recent history of trauma presented with a chief complaint of headache along with a 2-day history of enlarging 2\u20133 cm ballotable bilateral frontal mass. Hematological workup was negative. The patient\u2019s family confirmed a long history of hair braiding. The patient was initially prescribed a period of observation but returned 1-week later with enlarging SGH, necessitating surgical aspiration.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec id=\"st3\"><jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title><jats:p>SGH is rare past the neonatal period, but can be found in pediatric and adolescent patients secondary to trauma or hair pulling. Standard workup includes evaluation of the patient\u2019s hematological profile for bleeding or coagulation deficits, as well as evaluation for child abuse. Although most cases of SGH resolve spontaneously over the course of several weeks, close follow-up is recommended. The authors present a case of a 12-year-old female presenting with enlarging subgaleal hemorrhages who underwent surgical aspiration and drainage without recurrence. A literature review was also conducted with 32 pediatric cases identified, 20 of which were related to hair pulling, combing, or braiding. We review the clinical course, imaging characteristics, surgical management, as well as a review of the literature involving subgaleal hemorrhage in pediatric patients and hair pulling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_207_2020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,19]],"date-time":"2020-08-19T17:35:49Z","timestamp":1597858549000},"page":"243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Subgaleal hematoma evacuation in a pediatric patient: A case report and review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tye","family":"Patchana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, United States."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hammad","family":"Ghanchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Riverside University Health System, Moreno Valley, United States."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Taha","family":"Taka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, Riverside School of Medicine, United States."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Calayag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kaiser Permanente, Fontana, California, United States."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_207_2020\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001937","article-title":"Subgaleal hemorrhage secondary to child physical abuse in a 4-year-old boy","author":"Bowens","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_207_2020\/ref-2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(71)91079-8","article-title":"Complication of long hair","volume":"1","author":"Cantu","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_207_2020\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2017.06.007","article-title":"Subgaleal hematoma at the contralateral side of scalp trauma in an adult","volume":"53","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_207_2020\/ref-4","first-page":"62","article-title":"Hemophilia A presenting with intracranial hemorrhage in neonate: A case report","volume":"54","author":"Chen","year":"1994","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_207_2020\/ref-5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0736-4679(91)90585-4","article-title":"Massive subgaleal hematoma following minor head trauma","volume":"9","author":"Cooling","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_207_2020\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.15033","article-title":"Our experience of subgaleal haematoma due to hair pulling","volume":"109","author":"De Vito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_207_2020\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000002710","article-title":"Hair today; 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