{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T04:07:21Z","timestamp":1747454841685,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"st1\">\n<jats:title>Background: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Primary intracranial cholesteatomas are rare, benign lesions of keratinizing squamous epithelium, often arising from middle ear extension. However, their occurrence in the thalamus is exceptionally rare, with only one prior case reported.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st2\">\n<jats:title>Case Description: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A 48-year-old male presented with progressive headaches over 3 years and difficulty with upward gaze. Neurological examination revealed bilateral upward gaze palsy. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated an intra-axial cystic mass with a solid component in the right thalamus extending to the midbrain, causing obstructive hydrocephalus. A craniotomy with subtotal tumor resection was performed. Histopathology confirmed cholesteatoma. Postoperatively, the patient\u2019s symptoms improved, but hydrocephalus recurred, necessitating an endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Five months later, imaging showed an increase in residual mass size, but further, surgical intervention was declined due to financial constraints. The patient continued outpatient follow-up and maintained functional independence despite persistent symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"st3\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion: <\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thalamic cholesteatomas are rare and diagnostically challenging. Their deep-seated location complicates surgical resection, often necessitating subtotal removal to preserve neurological function. Close postoperative monitoring is essential due to the high recurrence risk. Further research is needed to optimize diagnostic strategies and explore alternative treatment approaches for these rare lesions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_252_2025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T11:01:48Z","timestamp":1747393308000},"page":"187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Primary intracranial cholesteatoma in the thalamus"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nyoman","family":"Golden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Lauren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angky","family":"Saputra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida Bagus Gede Adiguna","family":"Wibawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I Gusti Ketut Agung","family":"Surya Kencana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristian Gerry Raymond Sinarta","family":"Bangun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tjokorda Gde Bagus","family":"Mahadewa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(77)80093-7","article-title":"Intracranial cholesteatoma","volume":"28","author":"Banna","year":"1977","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comprehensive overview of modern surgical approaches to intrinsic brain tumors","author":"Chaichana","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.162.2.3492010","article-title":"Cerebellopontine angle-petromastoid mass lesions: Comparative study of diagnosis with MR imaging and CT","volume":"162","author":"Gentry","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.5414\/NPP28440","article-title":"Intracranial cholesteatoma-case report and critical review","volume":"28","author":"Habesoglu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Neuropathol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-5","first-page":"751","article-title":"External auditory canal cholesteatoma: Clinical and imaging spectrum","volume":"24","author":"Heilbrun","year":"2003","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-200005000-00006","article-title":"Intracranial extension of acquired aural cholesteatoma","volume":"110","author":"Horn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.148.3.6878694","article-title":"Cholesteatomas of the temporal bone: Role of computed tomography","volume":"148","author":"Johnson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.128.7.804","article-title":"The natural history of congenital cholesteatoma","volume":"128","author":"Koltai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2938","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002938","article-title":"Cholesteatoma in the sellar region presenting as hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus","volume":"95","author":"Kong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-10","first-page":"2091","article-title":"Cholesteatoma: Recognition and management","volume":"43","author":"McKennan","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2006.08.015","article-title":"Intracranial cholesteatoma: A case report and review","volume":"32","author":"McHugh","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/57.2.177","article-title":"Cholesteatoma of the middle and posterior cranial foss\u00c6","volume":"57","author":"Montgomery","year":"1934","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-13","first-page":"e31153","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment modalities of cholesteatomas: A review","volume":"14","author":"Pachpande","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9260(05)80958-4","article-title":"Imaging cholesteatoma","volume":"41","author":"Phelps","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1177\/014556130208100912","article-title":"Unusual MRI appearance of an intracranial cholesteatoma extension: The billiard pocket sign","volume":"81","author":"Quaranta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ear Nose Throat J"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-16","article-title":"Schmidek and sweet operative neurosurgical techniques : Indications, methods, and results","author":"Qui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7635","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2018.7625","article-title":"A giant cholesteatoma of the mastoid extending into the foramen magnum: A case report and review of literature","volume":"10","author":"Richard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-6665(02)00052-X","article-title":"The management of pediatric cholesteatoma","volume":"35","author":"Shohet","year":"2002","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-19","first-page":"121028","article-title":"Massive temporal lobe cholesteatoma","author":"Waidyasekara","year":"2015","journal-title":"Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2015"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2022.111401","article-title":"Congenital cholesteatoma clinical and surgical management","volume":"164","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_252_2025\/ref-21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3522","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2023.05.072","article-title":"Intracranial cholesteatoma in the thalamus: Uncommon location and atypical imaging findings","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Surgical Neurology International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/primary-intracranial-cholesteatoma-in-the-thalamus\/","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/primary-intracranial-cholesteatoma-in-the-thalamus\/","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T12:26:13Z","timestamp":1747398373000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/surgicalneurologyint.com\/surgicalint-articles\/primary-intracranial-cholesteatoma-in-the-thalamus\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"references-count":21,"alternative-id":["10.25259\/SNI_252_2025"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/sni_252_2025","relation":{},"ISSN":["2152-7806","2229-5097"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2152-7806","type":"electronic"},{"value":"2229-5097","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"article-number":"187"}}