{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T10:05:19Z","timestamp":1784282719616,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","content-domain":{"domain":["surgicalneurologyint.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is classified under obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. BDD is characterized by intense preoccupation with the perception of deficits or flaws in appearance, with repetitive behaviors manifested by altered self-perception. These symptoms bring about significant distress, making normal functioning difficult. Patients tend to respond to a combination of cognitive and pharmacologic therapies, similar to the treatment responses of patients with other obsessive-compulsive spectrum disorders. However, in severe cases of intractable BDD when multiple modalities of therapy have failed, other treatments such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) could be considered.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Case Description:<\/jats:title>\n A 23-year-old Caucasian male presents with a 5-year history of worsening BDD, OCD, and social phobia. A combination of cognitive behavioral therapy and standard pharmacological treatment was attempted, but symptoms progressed, leading to suicidal ideation. Ultimately, the patient elected to undergo placement of a DBS device bilaterally targeting the region bound by the ventral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and subgenual cingulate. The patient was evaluated using both the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Symptom Checklist and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, both pre and postoperatively over the course of 21.5 months.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Following DBS treatment, this patient demonstrated marked improvements in BDD-associated symptoms previously resistant to both cognitive behavioral and pharmacological therapy. This case highlights how DBS treatment can effectively improve symptoms in treatment-refractory BDD when first-line modalities have been exhausted and thus may be a potential consideration for clinical use.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.25259\/sni_256_2026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T09:22:23Z","timestamp":1784280143000},"page":"408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.25259\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral deep brain stimulation for the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Andrew","family":"Ghannad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Isabella","family":"Burritt St. Angelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oleksandr","family":"Strelko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Runde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aanya","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolas A.","family":"Corrales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Goldstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daryn K.","family":"Cass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anand V.","family":"Germanwala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"10.25259\/SNI_256_2026\/ref-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.98.5.1104","article-title":"Treatment of patients with intractable obsessive-compulsive disorder with anterior capsular stimulation. 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